Critiquing and Evaluating a Rheumatoid Arthritis qualitative research Essay

Critiquing and Evaluating a Rheumatoid Arthritis qualitative research paper - Essay Example The domain is chosen because in the process of treatment, patients are questioned about their condition and expert in healthcare are able to study the condition and prescribe care for them. The domain aims to make steady the state of patients (Mason-Whitehead, 2008, p14). This is the data acquired after researches done on patients (Nestor and Schutt, 2012, p24). Although the means to collect the data may not assure 100% credibility, it informs the kind of issues that happen to realise high quality of life. To obtain the qualitative data, a researcher interviews large group of people with the condition, only rheumatic arthritic victims were considered (Creswell, 2012, p.73). Main Body Evidence based practise is an approach in clinical care that is interdisciplinary and which is involved in assessing a condition of health from different angles before recommending the steps to be taken. Evidence based practise entails integration of the available evidence to practitioners and other reso urces to give the required care and promote health with the consideration of the affected (Lewenson and Truglio-Londrigan, 2008, p.18). This implies that circumstances should be looked at to establish the various factors that influence them. From the research evidence, that person will be able to make decisions. In health and social care, evidence based practice helps practitioners to choose the most appropriate care programme to implement on a patient. Through this, the sick are get quality care (Ellis, 2010 p43; Cashin and Cook, 2011 p33). The principles of evidence based practice are that the validity of a decision can only be verified only when research has been conducted in order to inform the situation. In enhancing the life of patient faced by rheumatic arthritis (RA), it is necessary to assess different means to provide care so that a person may be able to understand the issues that are related to provision of care (Madison, Sadowski and Savard, 2009, p87). In caring for pat ients with RA, evidence based practice provided a broad perspective in the information of the processes that work and those that do not assure good results. The domain for enhancing life for patients with long-term conditions is necessary to assess different care programmes that prevail in the process of health care (Eizenberg, 2011, p35). The research paper on the RA was used because choices of steps that are taken to mitigate the condition of the patients take some time to be carried out. The qualitative research evidence it provides can be used to understand the perspective through which people look at the medication they receive. In assessing the research paper on the RA patients, it is important to consider the various aspects of the research framework, which inform the whole paper. For example, it is important to consider the various areas of interest like the statement of goals, objectives as well as present the different issues that are important to the research. The stateme nt of goals of study in a research paper was not done clearly. However, from inference, a reader is able to deduce the objective of the study, objective of the research was stated as a way to examine prescription for patients infected with RA. This step was inevitable to specify activities that can be carried out in order to come up with the evidence, the

Dumb Ways to Die Essay Example for Free

Dumb Ways to Die Essay The social marketing ad campaign we chose to analyze is called, â€Å"Dumb Ways to Die,† created by the McCann Melbourne advertising agency for Metro Trains. The concept behind this ad was to raise awareness around train and railway safety. With the use of its clever and catchy theme song and animated characters demonstrating the numerous examples of, â€Å"Dumb Ways to Die,† the campaign has become a viral sensation. From its release date, of almost a year ago until now â€Å"DWTD† has had over 61+ million views on YouTube, has an interactive website dedicated solely to the campaign, an app available for Apple and Android devices as well as several parody versions of the video. When we first stumbled upon this ad it was confusing as to what the exact message was up until the very end. After conducting some light research we found that Metro Trains main concern when creating this ad was to target at-risk young people who used their trains and railways and McCann did just that. They created an ad that is fun, likeable and worth watching and showcased it in the heart of any young person’s life, the internet. McCann knew they had to get creative if they wanted to grasp the young people’s attention. However, we do not believe that this ad is effective in the way that McCann and Metro Trains had hoped it would be. Although the idea of the ad is catchy and memorable, train safety is not the first thing that comes to mind when we think of it. We believe McCann has a great idea and concept with â€Å"DWTD† but the execution is slightly flawed.

Essay --

Furniture can enhance the appearance of any space and add value to the house while improving the function. Wall cabinet is one of a furniture range that can be used in a kitchen, living room, bedroom, office and many other spaces. Wall cabinets are built in a wide variety of designs, material, functions and sizes. Most wall cabinets are simply for storage but nowadays, people require durable, sturdy, long lasting yet affordable furniture with improved functionality. Modular furniture provides components that can be combined to meet individual needs and tastes which utilize all space where it can be interchanged and adjusted. In order to create a successful design of a modular kitchen cabinet, appropriate hanging mechanisms are needed. It is important to understand the properties of materials and design of the hanging mechanism so that proper utilization can be achieved to ensure efficient product design and user safety. Material selection is among one of the most important aspects that must be taken into account before any hanging mechanism is produced. This is because material plays an important role in determining the suitability and durability of the hanging mechanism design. Nowadays, more advanced materials have been used to replace conventional materials because advanced materials offer more advantages (Myrdal, 2009). For instance in furniture manufacturing, conventional material such as solid wood have been replaced with alternative lumber such as particle board, plywood, glulam, LVL or OSB because of their economic and production efficiencies. This study is aimed at discovering a better solution by providing an alternative material and design to make the most important part of a wall mounted cabinet which is the hanging... ...gs but could produce a higher strength product. Therefore, using this material as hanging mechanism could lower raw material cost and at the same time provide a strong and eco-friendly alternative hanging mechanism. Hypothetically, if the proposed design (French cleat) and material (LVL) has the same or better qualities than the existing design and material, it can be used as the hanging mechanism in modular kitchen cabinets. Therefore, the thesis is proposing a new design of hanging mechanism using LVL which could probably give similar or better loading capacity and mechanical properties as compared to existing designs used in kitchen cabinets. Due to the lack of natural resources, the alternative material which is engineered wood product offers additional advantages as it retains the structural properties of wood and may be used as a substitute for solid wood.

The Movie Industry vs Technology Essay -- Movies Internet Papers

The Movie Industry vs Technology The Internet and the roles it plays in society Since its conception, the Internet has been a huge market for life uses. It provides some of the greatest resources to educate people around the world such as search engines, databases, and an almost endless expanse for innovation. Being a conglomeration of countless numbers of computers allow users to interconnect with each other, making computers a prominent part of people’s lives. Aside from the home uses, businesses have capitalized on it as well. The Internet is essentially a medium through which mass distribution of information and goods can be disseminated. However, â€Å"the Net is no longer just a publishing or an entertainment or a personal communications medium, but rather a fundamental and indispensable engine driving all social and economic life† ( Kline). E-commerce is a big part of the average consumer. Shopping online at sites such as Amazon.com and Ebay.com have provided users with the convenience of shopping without picking up the car keys. With a few simple clicks, a few typing of numbers, the desired product could be at your door within a few days. Other uses are GPS systems, or even a 911-based emergency utility that combines GPS and locates you in time of trouble. This is all provided for by the internet. In light of all these fantastic services that are provided by the Internet, it is without its flaws. Child pornography and piracy are just some of the illegal activity that are present in society today. Filters have been set up in schools and in homes to prevent viewing or downloading of such illicit materials, however that is not enough. With the conception of Napster, the music industry engulfed it, chewed it up... ...anuary 12 - January 18, 2000. Http://www.citypaper.com/2000-01-12/pf/cyber_pf.html 8. Johnson, Bobbie. â€Å"CyberVillains†. The Guardian. Monday May 20, 2002. Http://film.guardian.co.uk/Print/0,3858,4416832,00.html 9. Kline, David. â€Å"The Embedded Internet†. Wired Magazine. October 1996 Issue 4.10. Http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.10/es_embedded_pr.html 10. Nugent, Benjamin and Bennet, Brian. â€Å"Beyond Hollywood’s Reach†. Time. Feb 25, 2002. V159 i8 p56. 11. Olsen, Stefanie. â€Å"Hollywood faces recurring Net nightmare†. CNET New.Com. June 5, 2002. Http://news.com.com/2100-1023-932743.html 12. Sullivan, Bob. â€Å"Hollywood Gets Tough on Copying†. MSNBC News.com. July 12, 2003. http://www.msnbc.com/news/779198.asp?cp1=1#body. 13. Weisman, Robyn. â€Å"Steal This Internet Movie†. NewsFactor Network. Febryary 28, 2002. Http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/16541.html

Cheating in High School

Cheating in School Cheating is an issue nowadays that has affected many students at one time or another throughout their education. It’s a serious issue that can be dealt with in a lot of different ways. Some examples of cheating are copying homework, looking at someone else’s test, plagiarizing, and a new way to cheat based on recent technology, which allows another student to now buy or steal papers from the Internet, and passing them off as their own. Being lazy and freaking out if you’re not passing is not a good reason to cheat.Nothing good will ever come from cheating, no matter how good you are at it. In high school, there are serious consequences for cheating. Students who get caught cheating by a teacher will have their paper taken up and get an automatic zero, or they will rip up the paper, and the teacher will contact the student’s parents and tell them what happened. If the student perhaps was taking their final, and was caught cheating, he or she basically will fail the class and will have to take the class all over again.Another cause of students cheating is that some people out there are just lazy and want a quick A in the class and to make sure they pass. If students actually cared about their education, they wouldn’t be cheating, and they would want to do their own work on their own. Most students who cheat in high school just want to graduate, and finish up with their high school years. The last reason why students cheat is that people are freaking out if they are failing a class. Failing a class and doing bad in the class makes students cheat.If students are failing, they will end up cheating on the upcoming test by using someone who is smart in the class, so they can boost their grade up, so they will be able to pass the class. If students are failing the class, they should be going in after school, before school, or during their lunch time on getting help from the teacher to understand the subject more in order to pass the class. The effect of getting caught cheating is there’s a lot of consequences that will happen to you, and having to take the class all over again, and the ffect of how people are lazy and just want a quick A is that students are going to become less responsible for their work, and if students are getting these good grades by cheating, and end up graduating high school, but they don’t know what they want to do with their future, or they do we just let them come in, and do the job they want, but at the same time they could of learned how to do that subject in high school, and if they would of done their own work they would know how to do it.Freaking out if the student isn’t passing the class they should be going in for tutorials, and studying hard instead of thinking to themselves that they don’t need to study, or anything while they need to. Over all, the consequences of cheating will hurt you in your life, and no one should be proud of cheating. Nothing good will ever come from cheating. While some people say cheating isn’t wrong unless they get caught they are wrong and that cheating is stealing, and stealing is wrong no matter.

Enzymes-Amylase and Starch Essay Example

Enzymes Enzymes-Amylase and Starch Paper Enzymes-Amylase and Starch Paper Mechanical digestion, for example the tounge, is used to break the large food particles down so that they are easier to swallow. Once the food has be taken down into the stomach, some more Mechanical digestion takes place but this is helped by Chemical Digestion. Enzymes are there to help break the molecules down. They are Catalysts, which is a chemical that is added to speed up reactions, but remain unchanged by the process. Every Enzyme has a purpose and a special reaction that is involved in the process. Enzmes control chemical reactions inside all living things. Each of the main food groups have an enzyme that breaks it down. Enzymes have 5 properties that are always the same: * They are always proteins * They are specific in their action * They are destroyed by a rise in temperature * They are sensitive to pH * They can be used over and over again Working best at a neutral pH value and at the bodies temperature, a rise above 50 degrees celsius changes the shape of an enzyme and they can no longer work. In my experiment Amylase is the enzyme, which is made in the salivary gland and released in the mouth. The starch is the food which the amylase will act on, this is called the substrate. The product that will be formed is glucose. I am looking to see how long it takes for the starch to be digested by the amylase to make glucose. I will use Iodine to test to see if starch is present. When added to the solution, if it turns black/blue-then starch is present, if it is orange-then there is no starch. Prediction: My prediction is that the enzymes will work fastest at body temperature, (37 degrees celsius), so therefore the starch will turn into glucose the quickest at this point. I do not think that there will be any reaction after the temperature reaches 50 degrees celcius. Apparatus: * Dimple tray * Pipettes * Stopwatch * Amylase * Starch * Water * Test Tube * Beaker * Test tube rack * Kettle Method: 1. Set up the experiment as shown in the diagram. 2. Then test to see what the room temperature is. 3. Add 25ml of amylase to 25ml of starch and place in an empty clean test tube which i placed inside an empty beaker. 4. I then briefly stirred the mixture and placed 2 drops of the solution into 1 dimple, and added 1 drop of iodine. 5. After a minute, which I timed using a stopwatch, I added another 2 drops of the solution and 1 drop of the iodine into another dimple. I continued this process until the solution turned orange. 6. I then changed the temperature of the solution by adding heated water in the beaker to heat the mixture. I repeated the entire experiment at many different temperatures. Conclusion: I have found out that temperature affects the speed at which amylase digests starch into glucose. At freezing point (0 degrees celsius), after 40 mins there was absoloutly no change and this was the same for boiling point (100 degrees celcius). The temperature at which glucose should normally change into glucose the quickest is body temperature (37 degrees celcius), but it average at the fastest time at 22 degrees celsius, room temperature. My prediction for this experiment was partly correct. I predicted that there would be no reaction at 0 degrees and 100 degrees celsius and I was correct. I was wrong though, by predicting that it would react quickest at body temperature, it was quickest at room temperature. I think that this was because the amylase was artificially created at room temperature. Evaluatiuon: I think the experiment was overall a sucess. I recieved the results that I needed although they were not what I expected. There were a few problems which I encountered during the experiment. On of which was that the amylase was artificially made at room temperature and therefore room temperature was its most comfortable state. The dimple trays were also a problem as they were made of plastic. The plastic can sometimes contaminate the solutions whereas porcelain or china doesnt do as easily. The final problem was that the experiment was continued at different time periods during the day. This meant that the temperature in the room would have been different during periods of the experiment. If the experiment was done again but this time taking all the points made above into consideration, the experiment would finish with a more accurate set of results. I made sure that the testing was made fair by using the same amount of mixture for each dimple and by keeping the water level around the test tube at the same level. The time between each new addition of solution to a dimple was kept the same, 1 minute intervals.

5 puntos migración de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo

5 puntos migracià ³n de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo La polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos hacia los cubanos es, en algunos aspectos, diferente a la que se aplica al resto de nacionalidades y es fruto de la situacià ³n histà ³rica de la Guerra Frà ­a. Se estima que aproximadamente dos millones de cubanos y cubano-americanos residen en Estados Unidos, siendo Florida el estado donde un mayor nà ºmero se concentra. En la actualidad cuando se habla de migracià ³n y cubanos es necesario tener en cuenta 5 puntos: fin de polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados, Ley Ajuste Cubano, peticià ³n de asilo en frontera, deportaciones y, finalmente, solicitud de visas no inmigrantes para cubanos que desean visitar temporalmente Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © significa el fin de Pies secos, pies mojados? Por decisià ³n del anterior presidente de Estados Unidos Barack Obama se puso fin a la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados que durante aà ±os posibilità ³ a los cubanos emigrar ms fcilmente que otros extranjeros. Esta polà ­tica permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a los cubanos que tocaban suelo estadounidense y al aà ±o iniciar los trmites para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, mientras que, por otro lado, se regresaban a Cuba o se enviaban a un tercer paà ­s a aquellos cubanos interceptados en el mar cuando trataban de llegar a EE.UU. Al mismo tiempo que se cambià ³ esa polà ­tica se puso fin al programa CMPP para trabajadores de sanidad cubanos en programas de trabajo fuera de la Isla. Ley de Ajuste Cubano Por la Ley de Ajuste Cubano de 2 de noviembre de 1966,  las personas de esa nacionalidad ingresaron  legalmente en Estados Unidos pueden solicitar la tarjeta de residencia mediante un ajuste de estatus, si pueden demostrar una estancia continuada en el paà ­s de un aà ±o y un dà ­a. Para ingresar legalmente se necesita una visa de inmigrante o una de los muchos tipos de visa no inmigrante, es decir, un documento emitido por una embajada o por un consulado de los Estados Unidos. Cubanos y asilo en Estados Unidos Para solicitar asilo en los pasos migratorios de una de las fronteras terrestres, aeropuertos o puertos de los Estados Unidos se pide a los cubanos que cumplan los mismos requisitos que los candidatos de otros paà ­ses. Para el caso de la frontera terrestre que separa EE.UU. y Mà ©xico, desde el 16 de julio de 2019 aplica la obligacià ³n de pedir previamente asilo en al menos un paà ­s por el que se haya transitado antes de llegar a dicha frontera. Para admitirse la solicitud de asilo en el puesto migratorio terrestre de EE.UU. tendr que demostrarse que se ha cumplido con ese requisito y que las autoridades de dicho tercer paà ­s la ha denegado. Ademas, cabe destacar que el asilo solo se aprueba por una de las circunstancias previstas por la ley y el hecho de ser de un paà ­s que es una dictadura o tiene un rà ©gimen comunista no es razà ³n suficiente para que el asilo sea aprobado. Los requisitos que pide la ley es que el solicitante haya sido perseguido o tema ser perseguido si regresa a su paà ­s por una de las siguientes causas: nacionalidad, raza, religià ³n, opinià ³n polà ­tica o membresà ­a en un grupo determinado. En la actualidad, un nà ºmero rà ©cord de cubanos que solicitaron asilo en la frontera y que las autoridades estadounidenses consideran que no tienen un buen caso de asilo se encuentran detenidos en prisiones migratorias mientras esperan que se resuelva su caso, lo cual puede demorarse meses. Por otro lado, los cubanos que solicitan el asilo y se les concede un parole para que ingresen al paà ­s pueden seguir en libertad su caso de asilo mientras que, al mismo tiempo, deben solicitar ajuste cubano al aà ±o y dà ­a de ingresar al paà ­s con el parole y cancelar, asà ­, la peticià ³n de asilo. En los aà ±os fiscales 2015 a 2017 –los à ºltimos de los que hay datos publicados por el gobierno– los cubanos no estn entre las diez nacionalidades con mayor nà ºmero de casos de asilo aprobado, tanto en la modalidad afirmativa como en la defensiva. Por à ºltimo, no se debe confundir el asilo con la condicià ³n de refugiado, que es una situacià ³n similar pero distinta y que tiene como condicià ³n imprescindible que la solicitud se realice fuera de EE.UU. y de sus fronteras. El Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas es una de las instituciones que se ocupa de tramitar el papeleo de la condicià ³n de refugiado para cubanos. Cubanos y deportacià ³n Durante dà ©cadas, Estados Unidos no deportaba a los cubanos. La razà ³n principal era la negativa del gobierno castrista de admitir a los cubanos deportados. Sin embargo, actualmente La Habana est admitiendo en su territorio a sus nacionales deportados siempre y cuanto se cumplan ciertas reglas fijadas conjuntamente con Estados Unidos. A consecuencia de ello, en el à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal EE.UU. deportà ³ a 436 cubanos. Para evitar la deportacià ³n es altamente recomendable que todos los cubanos que cumplen con los requisitos soliciten la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, lo cual imposibilita la deportacià ³n a Cuba. Visas no inmigrante para cubanos En la actualidad, los Estados Unidos no est emitiendo visas en Cuba a ciudadanos cubanos, quienes deben solicitarlas en una oficina consular estadounidense en un tercer paà ­s como, por ejemplo, Mà ©xico. Asimismo, en estos momentos y por decisià ³n del gobierno del presidente Donald Trump ya no se emiten a los ciudadanos cubanos visas no inmigrantes, como la de turista, estudiante o intercambio, con validez de cinco aà ±os. Ahora las visas son vlidas para un à ºnico viaje por un mximo de tres meses. Cubanos y migracià ³n EE.UU. No aplica: Pies secos, pies mojados, polà ­tica que permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a todos los cubanos que tocasen suelo estadounidense. Esta polà ­tica dejà ³ de aplicarse el 12 de enero de 2017.No aplica: visas especiales CMPP para personal sanitario cubano en misiones en el exterior. Se dejà ³ de aplicar en misma fecha que Pies secos, pies mojados.Sà ­ aplica: Ley de Ajuste Cubano, que permite a todos los cubanos que ingresan a EE.UU. legalmente solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente al aà ±o y un dà ­a de entrar al paà ­s. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

40 Fish Idioms

40 Fish Idioms 40 Fish Idioms 40 Fish Idioms By Mark Nichol The ubiquity of fish in culinary traditions and the popularity of fishing as both a recreational pastime and a food-gathering activity has led to the development of many fish-based idioms, including those listed and described below. 1. all is fish that comes to his net: a proverb that alludes to a person’s resourcefulness 2–4. another/different/whole other kettle of fish: spoken to recognize an abrupt shift in the topic being discussed 5–6. better/other fish to fry: a reference to having more important things to do than what one is doing or than what is proposed 7. big fish: an important or influential person 8–9. big fish in a little/small pond: an important or influential person on an insignificant scale, such as in a small community 10. cold fish: a person who does not exude friendliness or show emotions 11. cry stinking fish (primarily British English): self-deprecate 12. drink like a fish: imbibe excessive amounts of alcohol 13–14. fine/pretty kettle of fish: a predicament 15. fish around: investigate 16–17. fish for a compliment/compliments: encourage someone to say something favorable about you without asking outright 18. fish in troubled waters: involve oneself in a dangerous or difficult situation to risk gaining an advantage 19. fish or cut bait: an admonition to act or to remove oneself as an obstacle to another person acting 20. fish out of water: a reference to a person who feels awkward or uncomfortable because he or she is in an unfamiliar environment 21–24. fish out/fish out of/fish up/fish up out of: retrieve (the first variation is also used literally to mean â€Å"deplete a body of water of its fish population by overfishing†) 25. fish story: an exaggerated account or tall tale, from the supposed tendency of fishermen to claim that the â€Å"one that got away† was larger than it actually was 26. fish-eating grin: smug smile 27. fish-eye lens: a type of wide-angle camera lens 28. fish: inept or stupid person 29. fishy: suspicious 30. like shooting fish in a barrel: a reference to something that is extremely easy to do, on the notion that fish swimming in a barrel rather than in open water make for an easy target 31–32. need (something) like/about as much as a fish needs a bicycle: a reference to the incompatibility of a fish and a bicycle to convey that something is utterly useless to someone 33. neither fish nor fowl: an allusion to something difficult to categorize, describe, or understand 34–35. odd/queer fish: a strange person 36–37. plenty of/more fish in the sea: a reference to the notion that many other romantic partners are available to one after the end of a relationship or after one is rejected by another person 38. teach a man to fish: the essence of a proverb, one version of which is â€Å"Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime,† which means that it is better to teach someone to do something than to do it for him or her 39. The cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet: A proverbial comment referring to the necessity of enduring annoyance or taking risks to achieve goals 40. What’s that got to do with the price of fish? (primarily British English): a response to an irrelevant comment or a non sequitur Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words8 Writing Tips for Beginners40 Idioms with First

For Elderly Shut-ins, It was Ken's Day Out Essay

For Elderly Shut-ins, It was Ken's Day Out - Essay Example I eagerly showed up the next morning to meet with the staff promptly at 11:30. Ms. Shields thanked me for coming and said it was a blessing to meet someone my age with so much enthusiasm to help. I began to beam and swell with self-admiration when she added, "But I'm sorry. Our insurance won't cover you until you're older. Our drivers have to be at least eighteen". Her words fell at my feet like cold stones from a child's Easter basket. My swelling pummeled into a quivering pool of disappointment. My thoughts raced like a balloon released before its time, wandering madly out of words and dropping hopelessly still. My face must have reflected the confused loneliness I felt inside as I could see Ms. Shields struggle for words that might comfort me. Her thoughtful eyes and graceful gestures gave me some hope. "I do have someone that might be able to use your help though", she said. "Ken is one of our more experienced drivers. Maybe you would like to ride with him today". I jumped at the chance as she motioned me to the kitchen where half a dozen ladies were arguing with an old man about the amount of pepper in the soup. Ken was a robust man for 87 years old. The years had hardened his features, yet left him a little pinkish from too little sun.

Synthetic studies towards the marine natural product Literature review

Synthetic studies towards the marine natural product cylindrospermopsin the causative agent in freshwater toxic blooms - Literature review Example This report synthesizes the current information on Cylindrospermopsin accumulation embracing information on the global distribution of Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) producers and summing-up of Cylindrospermopsin ecological and human effects. Studies carried out on bioaccumulation of Cylindrospermopsin are systematically reviewed collectively with analysis of accumulation patterns. A discussion pertaining aspects that influence bioaccumulation rates and potentials are outlined, together with detection, monitoring and risk assessments. Lastly, major gaps in the present research have been identified for future research. AREA OF STUDY This research, as well as others that have been carried out in this field seek to provided reliable information about the interconnection between cylindrospermopsin (a marine natural product) and its causative nature in freshwater toxic blooms, it anticipated to address a number of aspects such as properties of cylindrospermopsin, its distribution and detection, its impact on human health, ecological effects, patterns of toxic uptake and deposition among others. Previously, there have been several approaches used to address these aspects. This research sums up some of the descriptive data, together with information from previous studies, in an attempt to explain synthetic evidence towards the marine natural product (cylindrospermopsin) which is the causative agent in freshwater toxic blooms. It reviews as well, human health risk and environmental challenges associated with cylindrospermopsin. The study focus on Cylindrospermopsin is centered on human health risks and other environmental effects and still on bioaccumulation. This is regrettable given that Cylindrospermopsin is increasing in importance and bioaccumulation has significant impacts to human and ecological health risks (Humpage 2008). With no further research, synthetic risk assessments are roughly certain undervaluing the general risks of toxin-containing blooms. The study narr ows down to effects of cylindrospermopsin in mammalian species, or their end organs and cells. It expands to toxicity model in order to show cylindrospermopsin impacts to invertebrates, bacteria, phytoplankton and protozoans as it seek to identify the substantial variability in toxicity of cylindrospermopsin in different animal models and animals of the same species. An outstanding summary of this research progress in connection to mechanism of toxicity of cylindrospermopsin . Generally, toxin exposure is characterized by delayed toxicity involving multiple organ systems mainly the kidney and liver. Toxicity is interceded by protein synthesis together with genotoxicity by DNA fragmentation. According to Weinreb (2001) it is clear that metabolic activation of cylindrospermopsin is connected to intense toxicity though the exact way on this remains oblique. Amusingly, it how cylindrospermopsin behaves, it also provides protection to exposed species (Eaglesham et al, 2001). Illustrative ly, cylindrospermopsin is unique to other algal toxins acting as causative agents to fresh waters toxin blooms being characterized by premature births, reduction in size and increase in mortality especially in mice pups. It is also a latent of endocrine INTRODUCTION Cylindrospermopsin (cyanobacteria, blue-green algae) are non-nucleated in nature and characterized as membrane – bound organelles without sexual reproduction but having an advanced ability to synthesize

Francisco Goya and the Second of May, 1808 Essay

Francisco Goya and the Second of May, 1808 - Essay Example As the crowd began to resist the attempts to disperse it, there resulted a fierce skirmish between the two sides which provided the theme of the portrait. Thus, the popular uprising in Madrid between the second and third of May 1808 provided the themes of two of the most important paintings by Goya. On the second of May 1808, the French soldiers caught isolated on the streets of Madrid were murdered by the outraged populace and Goya captured this violent engagement in his famous The Second of May 1808. "This event became the opening shot of the war of independence, celebrated ever after the Dos de Mayo. Goya worked for topographical accuracy to stress the connection between the historic occasion and the geographical and symbolic center of the city Goya makes the spectator feel like an eyewitness to the brutal killing, emphasizing the unplanned, spontaneous character of the uprising to set the stage for the picture of the systematic representation that follows in The Third of May 1808 ." (Boime, 296) Therefore, The Second of May 1808 has a great significance as it portrays an important historical event in an effective way and an in-depth analysis of the piece including color, line, shape, space, balance, symmetry, proportion, light, depth, texture, focal point, scale, rhythm, iconography, subject matter, patron, intended setting, etc suggests how this work of art fits into the career of the artist as well as the historical facts. Francisco de Goya's (1746-1828) The Second of May 1808 has been regarded as a major work of art dealing with the uprisings of the 1808 in Madrid and it provides a clear picture of the whole incidents that took place on this historically important day. Significantly, this work of art which has a historical relevance fits into the career of Francisco de Goya who always stressed the realistic at the cost of the idealistic or classic elements in painting. Thus, the oil on canvas, 266 x 345 cm, The Second of May 1808, at the Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain has been comprehended as one of the most fundamental contributions by the painter to the world of art. In fact, Goya's painting provides an important version of the historical event and the work fits to the career of the painter. "Goya's painting emphasizes the anonymity of the condemned, and even the capriciousness of their selection. He depicts them in terror and disarray, confusion and despondency, constructing an image of ordinary pe ople dying without heroism and without knowing why they have been signaled out for obliteration. Yet, Goya's un-idealized and un-heroic 'heroes' are novel characterizations in the history of art and have meaning only in relationship to the particular conditions of the Napoleonic years." (Boime, 297-8) Therefore, the painting by Goya has a great relevance in depicting a historical event in a very convincing way and it fits rightly into the career of the painter.Francisco de Goya's oil painting The Second of May 1808, oil on canvas, 266 x 345 cm, has been accredited as an important version of a historical event and the artist finds new means of expression in the production of this picture. The work makes use of the technique of oil on canvas and an in-depth analysis of the piece confirms that it is effectively created by the painter to

The Pictorial Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Pictorial Presentation - Essay Example As the paper highlights because of these reasons, Darren was feeling that it is highly unethical to change the artwork of a country, change the tradition (involving men whereas traditionally it’s being done by the females) and satisfy them by just paying a handsome amount. Traditions and artifacts mostly represent the people of country, their rituals, history, important events etc. Changing the artifacts and traditions means changing the base of the country. This study outlines that generally, ethics are considered important for the success of any business. Basically ethics and seven step model recommends the concept of righteous of action. Righteous of action means that any task you do for any one it should be trustful. It should meet all required obligations. Every thing or deal made should be crystal clear.   One should make decisions regardless of differences of religion, age, sex and position. Ethics highly recommend the fair decisions, sense of responsibility of each other. Thus, ethical decisions should be made by keeping these all facts in mind. According to the seven step model, an organization should be trustful with its customers, internal and external members of the organization. If the company does not do this; it would be ethically wrong. Here, Darren should be trustful with Puna Native American’s. He should tell them the pros and cons of doing this commitment with the Artifacts, LTD i.e. tell Puna Native Americanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s that societies, countries became weak when their basic cultural symbols are change. Whereas, he did not did that as his boss wanted him to do so for the Fredrick and the profit of the company. According to the model Darren should motivate Fredrick and her boss to think on some other idea or plan.

Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information Technology - Essay Example They target a limited range in which they work and catch the signals. But mobile phone has a technology to support the user to attend and make calls through any network throughout the world. The mobile phone doesn’t only support calls but also other features which are part of their serves. There are many build in services in cell phones for customers and there are many other services provide by cellular networks. Some of them are SMS, emails, GPRS, instant messaging, infrared, Bluetooth, gaming and MMS. Now mobile phones also feature entertainment accessories like MP3 player, video player, radio and camera. Those mobile phones which have modern advanced technology with different features are also known as smartphones The first mobile phone was made by Dr. Martin Cooper from the company Motorola in 1973. That handset weighted almost 2 kg. The company Motorola released the first mobile phone commercially in 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x. In year 1990 almost 12.4 million people all around the world started using cell phones. And by 2009, the number of cell phone customers reached to 4.6 billion. Before the invention of mobile phones other wireless phones were in use of military or intelligence organizations; such as radio phones and codeless phones. These phone were wireless but had a limited access and usage. They didn’t have wide range and were not very handy. They were heavy in weigh and were quite costly as well. Mobile phones are now becoming customized with new features. These features are making the mobile phones more useable. With each new technology mobile phone are becoming portable and useful. Now with the developing technology the mobile phone has become the necessity of person’s life. And they are also fulfilling the necessities of a person very well. Now we have our entire contact list in our hand to which we can contact anywhere. It also gives us entertainment in our

The Pictorial Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Pictorial Presentation - Essay Example As the paper highlights because of these reasons, Darren was feeling that it is highly unethical to change the artwork of a country, change the tradition (involving men whereas traditionally it’s being done by the females) and satisfy them by just paying a handsome amount. Traditions and artifacts mostly represent the people of country, their rituals, history, important events etc. Changing the artifacts and traditions means changing the base of the country. This study outlines that generally, ethics are considered important for the success of any business. Basically ethics and seven step model recommends the concept of righteous of action. Righteous of action means that any task you do for any one it should be trustful. It should meet all required obligations. Every thing or deal made should be crystal clear.   One should make decisions regardless of differences of religion, age, sex and position. Ethics highly recommend the fair decisions, sense of responsibility of each other. Thus, ethical decisions should be made by keeping these all facts in mind. According to the seven step model, an organization should be trustful with its customers, internal and external members of the organization. If the company does not do this; it would be ethically wrong. Here, Darren should be trustful with Puna Native American’s. He should tell them the pros and cons of doing this commitment with the Artifacts, LTD i.e. tell Puna Native Americanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s that societies, countries became weak when their basic cultural symbols are change. Whereas, he did not did that as his boss wanted him to do so for the Fredrick and the profit of the company. According to the model Darren should motivate Fredrick and her boss to think on some other idea or plan.

SCIENTIST SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO CLONE PEOPLE Research Paper

SCIENTIST SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO CLONE PEOPLE - Research Paper Example By looking at the potential of human cloning, certain aspects of human society such as the ones determining how human cloning affect scientific research by drastically increasing scientific knowledge of genetics. Heimbach asserts that cloning presents many challenges affecting the subjects such as the potential physical dangers and the profound ethical dilemmas that should be avoided (633). The prospect of cloning humans is highly controversial as many scientists and lawmakers view the act as immoral. There are risks and technical challenges and other laws that make it illegal thus denying the chance of human cloning becoming a reality. People opposing cloning of humans argue that cloning animals may be to humans advantage because it would boost human research however, what is good for animals may not actually be good for humans. Interestingly, animals do not even have an idea or sense of how much we appreciate their sacrifices hence making arguments against cloning to be similar since the initiation of the topic (Surfcrs Web). The people against human cloning assert that the act will destabilize human condition by disrupting faith in the sanctity of life and the superior position humans hol d over other species and therefore any little insult may degrade the human ego. Many clones die during gestation or soon after birth because of placental malfunction is a major cause of death or the surviving ones plagued with serious physiological and generic problems. Such kind of conditions such as the large offspring syndrome and severe respiratory and brain malformations are common among animals leaving a question whether clones can develop and age normally when it comes to humans. Heimbach argues that scientific and technical issues regarding human cloning should therefore be clarified before undertaking the act to avoid eminent failures such as stillbirths and the birth of deformed babies (655). Some of the ethical issues concerning cloning is the use of

ICT - Changing the System of a Video Library Essay Example for Free

ICT Changing the System of a Video Library Essay Identify section The current system is a hand written and hand handled by Mr Roberts. It is a paper database where all details of the members, transaction and return details are stored. Mr Roberts currently operates all the system by himself and he does this to keep a record of all the bookings out of the videos, he does this by pen. He finds the page in the book allocated to the member, writes when the person needs to bring it back in, takes the payment then gives the video to the member. When a new member joins Mr Roberts takes all the details down in his book, then gives the new member a member number. Mr Roberts has to check every night for overdue videos. When a members page is full, then Mr Roberts has to get a new page, this just adds to the ever-growing file of Mr Roberts. There are lots of problems with the system, it is very slow, it would wear down with over use, he cannot cope with the growing number of customers, He has to check every night to see which videos are overdue and hand type each letter and send them off the same night. This would be increasingly difficult when lots of members join. Another problem is that the videos all have to be numbered and when a video is taken out a card is put in the original case giving the video number and return date. The new system would have to display all the details of the members on one screen and show when last rental and return was. It should be able to show all overdue videos on one screen. It should be very fast and speed up all aspects of the shop. If the database is faster and easier to manage then the number of members will increase and therefore so will the profit. Jonny Sharpe Possible solutions Mr Roberts could solve all his problems by using a filing cabinet. This would solve all his problems with information handling. The advantages of this would be that a filing cabinet is easier to cope than a filing book, the disadvantages are that it is still based on paper and they could easily be damaged or lost. Another problem is that it is still time consuming and would not be any faster, if anything slower than before. Another way to cope with this problem is putting all the files onto a computer. The computer would store all the information easily. The advantages of this are that it would significantly improve the speed and ease of running the video shop. The disadvantages are that it may cost a lot of money and all staff may not be trained in how to use a computer A computer program could be writ but expertise would be needed for this and this expertise I do not have. The next best alternative is that you could use a already existing program such as Microsoft Access. The information would be stored on multiple spread sheets, the information would consist of all the members details and the video details as well. These would be good because they can handle lots of multiplications and can search through information Mark foster System Choice Microsoft office xp professional edition. Pcworld: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½519 Inc vat Any computer could be chosen as long as it has Microsoft access and a printer for printing reports. Software Justification Justify choice of software: Word: The program needs to handle numbers but word is very good at typing letters. Excel: This program would be ok for the video shop but there would have to be 1 sheet for the videos and 1 sheet for the members details. This program would not be able to type letters up and print the letters off. Access: This program is excellent, this is because you can merge the video details and the members details together to give records of loans. This program can also produce reports in letter form and print them off. Data needed 1. This database is for the videos, it should show the number code, name. 2. Members details should be shown on this page, name, address, membership number, telephone number, current video rented and the date it is due back. Design section This shows that I have made two tables to store information, one for the members details and one for the video details. I have entered 50 videos and 5o members into the tables. I have designed the system to alert me when there are overdue videos and to be able to book out videos and book in videos with ease. I linked the two together by making a link between the membership number and the video number as shown below. These next pictures are of my queries. They are update queries which update booking in and booking out of videos. They are linked between the two tables and display the videos booked out and the membership number of the person along with some details. This is my form design. The form is for a member to fill in to automatically add his details to the members table. This is my report. This is basically to inform members that they are in possession of a overdue video and they need to return it. Members have their own membership no and each video has its own video number. This way members and videos dont get mixed up. This is an application form for the video shop, members are asked to fill out basic details. Analysis 1) What do I need from my database. I want it to store information about my members, including their name, address, telephone number, membership number, date of birth. Also in each members record will be stored the video they have rented (its code, not its title to speed things up) and also the date it is due back. Customers can only rent one video per day and it must be returned the next day. I also want the database to store information about the videos, including its code, title, price, certificate and category, eg horror, action, comedy etc. I want a system that will let me book videos in and out very quickly, just by entering the members number and the video code. I also want a system to check which videos havent been returned and create a letter that could be sent out if it hasnt been returned after 1 week. Sometimes people forget they have it so this should be a polite reminder. If they havent returned it after 2 days, then I usually phone them, so I would need it to produce a list of names and telephone numbers. I will answer the other questions at a later time as there are customers in the shop. Regards. Mr Roberts 2) To collect data from new members I have a form that they fill out. They write on it their name, address, tel. number, and date of birth. I write their new membership number on it. 3) Each member has a membership number. It is a four-digit number, starting at 1000. 4) I dont use credit card details as there is too much security needed. 5) For new members I need two forms of identification, one with their name and address, i.e. a bank statement or gas bill for example and one with their photo on, i.e. theirs drivers licence or passport. 6) I havent got a password system. If you think I should have one let me know how you think it would work. The problem is that customers would have to tell me their password and other customers could overhear it so it wouldnt be that secure. Evaluation I think the final product meets the standards set by Mr. Roberts. The only mistakes I have made is that I have given the example members, membership numbers starting at 200 and they are only 3 digit. The final product can do everything specified in the design requirements made by Mr. Roberts. The opinions of the users would be on the questionnaire I made. The only improvements that could be made to my database is that I could maybe produce an automatic report displaying all the information of the member on a report whos video is late, instead of just having a basic template.

Health Care Using Visual Aids Health And Social Care Essay

Health Care Using Visual Aids Health And Social Care Essay Tonks in Safer by design report points out that there is a great need for good design for medicine, and more attention should be paid to health care design. The NHS is seriously out of step with modern thinking and practice with regard to design (Tonks, A., 2008). Moreover recent studies conducted by Spinillo and Padovani focused on information design aspects in effectiveness of medicine inserts, showed that deficiencies in typography and confusing visual instructions affect task performance and information comprehension (Spinillo and Padovani, 2009). Well designed information can be crucial for improving patient-doctor communication and prevent from misinterpretation, which can have serious consequences. Paling recommends using visual aids wherever possible, to maximize understanding. Good visual aids can help the viewer to see the risk numbers in context, thus providing information and not just data. Furthermore he states For many patients, truly informed consent (or indeed dissent) is difficult to achieve without visual aids. According to Palings studies use of a simple visual aid can also improve the doctor-patient relationship. When simple visual communication tools are shared between doctor and patient, they offer an opportunity to deepen the bond between them. The closer the doctor-patient partnership, the more likely the patient is to be satisfied (Paling, J., 2003 also Buetow, S., 1998). Concluding Paling urges that more research is needed on how different strategies, particularly use of visual aids, help patients to understand risk. Similar studies have already assessed analogous visual tools such as the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale widely used to help patients communicate their level of pain (Paling, J., 2003). Furthermore he suggests that research should assess how differences in culture, age, and gender affect patients perception of risks. Few studies have examined how different groups respond to risks of any kind, and no studies seem to have investigated which approaches are the most effective for communicating medical risks to different populations (Paling, J., 2003). Figure 1. Wong-Baker Faces Scale From Wong DL, Hockenberry-Eaton M, Wilson D, Winkelstein ML, Schwartz P: Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 6/e, St. Louis, 2001, P. 1301. Recently Dartey and colleagues looked at improving communication for patients with chronic pain using affective graphic design; also scales inspired by Wong-Baker faces. Designed leaflets concerned patients with low literacy skills and intended to aid accurate timing for medication taking. According to Darteys research using visual metaphors to facilitate healthcare communication to low-literacy patients stimulates the mind and aids adherence, however, it requires verbal explanation from the health professionals. It should also be developed in collaboration with the target community taking into account their cultural settings (Dartey et al., 2009). Figure 2. UCSF Computer generated medication calendar (UCSF TODAY 2007) Machtinger and colleagues present the success of a visual system implemented by UCSF research team in America. This new visual system creates a weekly computer generated calendar for patients on medication allowing them to see what medication they need to take and how much on a daily basis. Patients receive also written instructions in English and in their native language (Fig 2). The system aims to prevent miscommunication between doctor and patient, allowing the patient to have full understanding of the daily dosage of their medication. A system that concentrated on visual aspects in particular worked well for patients that suffered from memory loss and aided the communication of information to other nationalities. This system created by UCSF supports the use of visual aids to communicate messages to various groups of people, in particular enhancing effective communication across language barriers. Machtinger et all. suggest that visual symbols and use of colour coding can aid doct or-patient communication and improve mutual understanding (Machtinger et all., 2007). Mansoor and Dowse investigated the effect of pictograms on readability of patients information materials. According to the findings of their research presence of pictograms had a positive effect in the acquisition and comprehension of drug information. Moreover participants expressed an overwhelming positive desire for pictograms in their drug information (Fig. 3) (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Researchers stressed that in order to stimulate interest; drug information should be user-friendly, attractive, and easily accessible. Evaluating consumer or patient preference through open-ended questions best assesses these features. This form a crucial part of design process of patients information materials This forms a crucial part of the design process of patient information materials as it provides us with valuable information on how to improve the physical appearance and the readability of the leaflets, thereby making the leaflets more comprehensible. Leaflets with the appropriate tone, length, and design can do much to aid responsible medicine taking say researchers. According to this study, it was evident that the Z-fold leaflet including pictograms was the preferred format and design (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Figure 3. Nystatin suspension medicine labels (actual size of labels used 4.70 ÃÆ'- 7.85 cm) (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). The following features successfully contributed to the location and understanding of the information: 1. short, easy-to-read and highlighted headings for navigating through the leaflet; 2. bullet points and broken paragraphs as opposed to solid text for attracting attention; 3. large spaces between paragraphs and important points rendering the leaflet less intimidating; and 4. large print size that improved legibility. Features that detracted from complete understanding of the information included: 1. the shaded box was ineffective in attracting attention and was often ignored; and 2. the length of the leaflet was a deterrent that sometimes hindered attention span. (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Suitably designed and tested drug information can improve compliance rates, satisfy patient information needs, and educate patients on the correct use of their medication (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). It also plays an important role in empowering patients to become more active participants in their health care. A more informed patient enables greater participation in the decision-making process, resulting in a positive impact on medicine-taking behavior and health outcomes. It is, therefore, essential that information provided on medicine labels and PILs should be patient oriented, relatively brief, concise, and comprehensive. (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Review of literature on use of pictorial aids in medication instructions done by Katz and colleagues seams to prove that the use of pictorial aids enhances patients understanding of how they should take their medications, particularly when pictures are used in combination with written or oral instructions (Katz et al., 2006). Also Houts and colleagues in their review state that, according to existing research, pictorial aids improve recall, comprehension, and adherence (Houts et al, 2006). According to their findings there is evidence that people prefer pictures in health messages that are culturally sensitive and include representation of people like themselves and therefore they are more likely to notice these messages. However they couldnt find any experimental studies which compare attention given to culturally targeted and generic health messages. (Houts et al, 2006). Houts brings out Levie and Lentzs research example. They convey study on pictures in education cite which shows, that children prefer stories with pictures to ones without, furthermore audio-visual presentations are considered as more enjoyable and interesting if accompanied with picture (Levie and Lentzs, 1982). Houts points out that particular audience can respond differently to certain pictures and therefore health educational materials should be first tested with intended audience (Houts et al, 2006). Delp and Jones study suggests that addition pictures to health education text draws patients attention and will increase the chance that the text will be read. Leiner et all. research compares non-illustrated leaflet in opposition to a video tape with animated cartoons explaining the need for a polio vaccine. Both the leaflet and video contain the same information. Scores for animated cartoon group were significantly higher than the group with printed information given. Houts et all. reviewing existing studies noted that verbal health information accompanied by pictures helps remember and also recall these information. Houts literature search shows that almost all of studies found in educational data base reported that written or spoken text with pictures are better than text alone. This is called the pictorial superiority effect in educational research. The effect, according to researchers speculation, is caused by greater brain activation evoked by pictures. However no study was found to prove that the pictorial superiority effect was greater for particular type of content or pictures. Houts et all. stressed that more research is needed, especially on the conditions that maximize pictures effects. Houts gives also useful practice implications for designing the information: Educators should: ask how can I use pictures to support key points?, minimize distracting details in pictures, use simple language in conjunction with pictures, closely link pictures to text and/or captions, include people from the intended audience in designing pictures, have health professionals plan the pictures, not artists, evaluate pictures effects by comparing response to materials with and without pictures (Houts et al, 2006). Houts et all. stressed that pictures can change adherence to health instructions, however emotional response to pictures affects whether they increase or decrease target behaviors. The research suggests that all patients can benefit, but patients with low literacy skills are especially likely to benefit. Patients with very low literacy skills can be helped by spoken directions plus pictures to take home as reminders or by pictures plus very simply worded captions (Houts et al, 2006) Green and Myers argued that graphic stories and adult themed comics are an innovative and creative way to learn and teach about illness. Juxtaposing text and image can be beneficial especially for people with low literacy skills, learning difficulties; elderly people (Kripalani et al., 2007) can also be helpful in communication with young patients. Powerful visual messages convey immediate visceral understanding in ways that conventional texts cannot say authors (Green and Myers, 2010). Figure 4 . Cancer Vixen: a personal story of breast cancer Green and Myers research has shown how combining pic ­tures and text enhances understanding, as the activities of reading and viewing activate dif ­ferent information processing systems within the brain. (Mayer R.E., Sims V.K.,1994). This combination also fosters con ­nections between new information and existing knowledge, thereby increasing recall of health information, especially among those with low literacy. This process is even more effective when pictures overlap with text, are explana ­tory, and are engaging (Green and Myers, 2010). Green and Myer say that graphic pathographies can also help patients and their families better understand what to expect of a certain disease (Fig. 4) (Green and Myers, 2010). Research conducted by Coad and collegues exploited using art-based techniques in engaging children and young people in healthcare. The study looked at how art-based techniques and activities can be applied for use in consultation work and/or research projects with children and young people. In Coads research three art-based activities of using photographs, drawings/posters or collages and mapping techniques were considered in terms of application to field work. (Coad, J., et al., 2007) Art-based techniques, says Coad, give children and young people the opportunity to articulate their feelings through their own visual representations, including those with writing and/or language difficulties, one major challenge is understanding what the art-work means to them (Coad, J. et al., 2007).

Sylvia Plath Essay -- Essays Papers

Sylvia Plath Sylvia Plath’s mother was the daughter of two German immigrants who lived in Massachusetts. She grew up highly educated and became a high school English teacher. Sylvia Plath’s father had a doctorate in classical languages at Boston University. When Sylvia’s mother decided to earn her Masters degree at Boston University, Otto and Riri were married after a brief courtship, January 1932, in Carson City, Nevada. By mutual agreement, the mother immediately quit her job and became a homemaker. Her first child, Sylvia, was born October 27, 1932. Sylvia’s brother Warren was born one and a half years later on April 27, 1935. True to her word, Riri Plath was a devoted mother and wife. Otto Plath devoted himself to writing a book, so that the family had very little time for social life. Otto was also twenty years older than Riri and insisted on ruling the household with an iron hand. In fact, he even controlled the finances of the house to the degree that he insisted on doing all the shopping, groceries and otherwise. As controlling as he was, he was also a very loving and proud father and Sylvia and Warren grew up feeling loved by both parents. However, in 1936, Otto began to get extremely sick. He refused to go to see a doctor and he continued to work through much of his illness, which the family believed to be lung cancer. Then in 1938-1939, Warren also became sick. First with pneumonia, then later with asthma and other bronchial ailments. Riri Plath exhausted her resources trying to take care of the two sick men in her family. So Sylvia was often left with her maternal grandparents, whom she was very found of. In particular, she was very close to her grandfather, who she called â€Å"grampy†. In fact, she often in later writing would speak about him as if he was really her father. The following excerpt comes from her story â€Å"Among the Bumblebees† and describes an incident that actually occurred, according to Riri, (Pg. 22) with her grandfather. â€Å"†¦First father would go for a swim himself, leaving her in the shore. . . .After a while she would call to him, and he would turn and begin swimming shoreward, carving a line of foam. . . .cleaving the water ahead with the powerful propellers of his arms. He would come to her and lift her onto his back , where she clung, her arms looked around his neck, and go swimming out again. In an ecstasy of terror... ... and her and her husband settled back down in the United States. Both pursued their writing careers and worked off and on until they finally decided to return to London once again. In February 1960, Sylvia published her first volume of poetry called the â€Å"Colossus And Other Poems†. Both poets enjoyed continued success, but were even happier when on April 1, 1960, Sylvia gave birth to her first child, a daughter. A second child, a son, was born to the couple January 17, 1962. It was soon after this second birth that the marriage showed signs of great strain. Sylvia eventually found out that Ted was seeing someone else and she divorced Ted and attempted to continue with a normal life with her two children. She continued to experience success as a writer, and published several more books of poetry. However, her and her children’s illnesses and an extremely bad English winter, along with many lonely nights caused Sylvia to take her life on February 11, 1963. Bibliography 1. Aurelia Shober Plath. Letters Home by Sylvia Plath. New York City: Harper & Row Publishers, 1975. 2. The Academy of American Poets. â€Å"Sylvia Plath†. The Academy of American Poets. Online. 2000.

Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece an

Before the beginning of history, people from across the land gradually developed numerous cultures, each unique in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel are all important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political and economic development. In the first civilization, both Mesopotamia and Egypt relied on a hunter-gatherer economic system, during that time, every country in the world strived on it. Mesopotamia had rich soil for agriculture, but experiences floods. For the Mesopotamians, these floods would destroy major cities, but for the Egyptians it would keep the soil rich all year long without the damage that the Mesopotamians had experienced. With the rich soil foods were plentiful around the farm lands, which gave both countries the chance to establish largely dense areas, like what we now know as a city-state. The Nile River also served as a defense for the Egyptians they enjoyed centuries of tranquility and peace in which they used to develop peaceful development of their civilization. For the Mesopotamians, this wasn’t the case. Mesopotamian society consisted of classes and social differences. The nobles, free clients of the nobility, commoners and slaves and Slave women all made up the different classes. The men dominated the women in Mesopotamia. The nobles consisted of the king, his family, the chief priests, and high palace officials. The king was a war leader elected by the citizens. He established an army and led it into battle. Kingship was hereditary. Commoners were free citizens. In ancient Egypt, both women and men could act on their own and were responsible for their own actions. In contrast, Mesopotami... ...males much higher. Also, the four ancient civilizations had to overcome the burden of uniting their people under one king. The need of kings to glorify themselves on statues is a testament of their ruling power, Egypt created many statues that displayed their gods, kings and queens. It was the Egyptians that influenced the Greek to create sculptures of their own ruling powers. Other then sculptures, the Egyptians influenced the Greeks to write on surfaces of buildings, it first started with Hieroglyphs then the ancient Greeks improved on writing, they wrote on large sheets of papyrus which lessened time and made recording events easier. With so much in common the real differences lie beneath the surfaces of religion, power, equal rights and education. All four of the ancient civilizations principles can still be found in many modern countries.

Sue Rodriguez

Sue Rodriguez- Assisted Suicide By: Monique Sue Rodriguez, once a woman who was lively and healthy women much like the rest of us was given the horrible news that she had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in early 1991 changing her life tremendously. Little did she know her fight for equality of life would create a milestone in Canadian Law. Sue Rodriguez fought long and hard to demand the right to assisted suicide, which at the time was illegal under the Criminal Code of Canada, being a punishable act for up to a maximum sentence of 14 years in prison. Ms.Rodriguez argued that Section 241 (b) of the Criminal Code (which prohibits assisted suicide) violated her constitutional right to life, liberty and security of the person under S. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Unfortunately both the British Columbia Supreme Court and the British Columbia Court of Appeal dismissed her application. Sue Rodriguez at her final attempt of trying to grant herself the right to assisted su icide appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, the verdict resulting in a five to four decision with the Supreme Court of Canada dismissing her appeal.In 1994, Ms. Rodriguez decided to take matters into her own hands, with the help of an anonymous physician Sue Rodriguez ended her life. Assisted Suicide is something I will never be able to give an honest opinion about, unless you personally have had a loved with a terminal illness asking for assisted suicide I don’t think anyone can voice if this practice is fair or not. Any case dealing with a terminally ill victim grasps compassion from people looking at the case, so I think no matter what most people put pity on Sue Rodriguez and jump to her side. Ms.Rodriguez under the Charter Section 7 deserves to be entitled to: ‘Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice. ’ This statement from th e Charter of Rights in this particular section is open to diverse interpretation, so in Sue’s case she views her ‘right to life’ as the right to end it in any given time if it is under her wish. I too believe that although suicide is illegal and punishable act under these circumstances (terminally ill patient) the right to choosing when to end our life should be granted. I do not believe that the correct verdict was rendered in this case. Although I can see where the Court is coming from, striking down the Criminal Code must involve something that is detrimental however when someone is undergoing tremendous amounts of pain I think that they should be given the right to Choose how they die. If an individual's quality of life is terrible, they should have the right to stop suffering. The Supreme Court may have dismissed Sue Rodrgiuez’s appeal; however the fight for euthanasia is far from over, there will be hundreds of thousands of cases similar to the Rodri guez case.In a few years the Court will see that this isn’t a matter that should be taken lightly, the laws must be changed to allow individuals the right to euthanasia /assisted suicide. Everyone and anyone should be entitled to die in dignity, although people like Ms. Rodriguez had to undergo assisted suicide behind closed doors I hope that someday people that are terminally ill will be able to walk into a clinic and choose to end their life if they feel so. I think this practice is legal in some countries in the world, but not in Canada because Canada is a country that embodies all aspects of law we are liberal, republican and conservative.The legal rights set out in the charter are there to protect you, and to ensure that justice is served in a just and fair manner, as we know Canada is a place all about making sure the law is served in a just manner so by letting people break the law stating suicide is a punishable act would go against the Criminal Code of Canada. Canada takes pride in the fact that we try to make laws as humane as possible, however there is just no way in ensuring that every citizen in Canada is pleased with all the laws.To reduce controversy amongst our country we have made assisted suicide an illegal act; however some countries have made the act legal under their borders. Countries like Belgium and the Netherlands have a more liberal aspect to them, so euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal. The main risk involved in legalizing assisted suicide is the uproar that would come from the public, if we think changing a law regarding a speed on a highway is going to cause chaos think about the affect a law enabling killing terminally ill victims would create.Like I said before, Canada prides itself in the fact that are accommodating and try to fit the needs of every Canadian citizen so by allowing assisted suicide and euthanasia we would be upsetting a lot of individual’s that view this practice in a negative way. Another con that would result from legalizing assisted suicide would be that people would take advantage of the practice, people with depression and other mental illnesses may feel that they have the right to undergo this practice. This should not be allowed to be a factor in a human's choice to die seeing as they are fully.Legalizing assisted suicide would be the start of a slippery slope that would lead to anyone, whatever their condition, being helped into opting for death. There is a fine line when differentiating between euthanasia and assisted suicide; both relieve a terminally ill victim of their pain and suffering however the only difference being the way the act is performed. Euthanasia is the deliberate act undertaken by one person with the intention of ending the life of another person in order to relieve that person’s suffering.Assisted suicide on the other hand is when the victim completes the act themselves with the help of a doctor or other individual. I believe that both euthanasia and assisted suicide should be legalized in Canada. We have made so many advances in Canadian law; it is long overdue for these legal issues to be allowed. Your body is your body and I feel that you may do whatever you want with it, especially under the circumstances where a person is under a vast amount of pain. A doctor or the government shouldn’t be the judge of whether you are allowed to end your suffering or not.What Jack Kevorkian did was something that will go down in Canadian Law history, it is amazing knowing that there are still people in this world that will look past societal norms and do the noble thing. We are given the right to work, have a family and choose our religion however when it comes to something as personal as our lives we aren’t given the decision. Above we looked at legalizing these issues for an emotional sense however there are economic reasons why euthanasia and assisted suicide should be legalized.These two issues should be le galized because all of the money being spent on trying to cure the patient could be going to use for something else. All of the money that is being spent trying to find a treatment for the patient and all of the medicine and machines being used to keep them alive could be being put to use for something else. Everyone should be entitled to quality of life, and if they are not enjoying the life they are in they should make the final decision of whether to end it or not. The kind of quality of life is defined by the patient, not the doctor or government.

The Story of My Life in 400 Words

Let me start off by saying that writing essays isn’t really my cup of tea. I find it really difficult to begin as there are so many different ways to do it. I can start with, â€Å"One day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but then it would be too common. Finding the right way to start a composition, for me, is the most taxing thing in the world to do. Then, there’s also the problem of choosing which items to include and disregard. If the limit of words is four hundred then I must choose the words carefully. Otherwise, I might go over without getting my message across. Do you understand my dilemma? You might find this weird coming from someone who makes students write their stories. If they would only find out then that would make me the laughing-stock of the whole school. I won’t waste your time anymore with this senseless talk and start with what I’m supposed to write about. Everything started one Monday morning in November of 1975. This was when I made my entry to this world. I believe I made my parents really happy just by being here. Then there was elementary. It’s where I learned about social interaction. I discovered that if I’m nice to people then I’ll make more friends but if I’m not, then life will be lonely and miserable. From high school I learned that spending some time in making myself look presentable is important if I want to attract the attention of people from the opposite sex. Oh, yes! There’s also college. In the university, I learned that we really live in a dog eat dog world. Competition is stiff and you must learn to cope otherwise you won’t survive. Despite of this, I learned to really fall in love for the first time. I won’t really go into too much details as I would have to write another 400-word composition for this topic alone. After college, I tried my hand on a lot of different things. Off the top of my head, I remember working as a project assistant, administrative assistant, senior clerk and customer service representative to name just a few. It wasn’t until I tried my hand on teaching that I found my calling. Teaching is not for the weak of heart. You must be able to endure several heartaches and some disappointments before you can reap its rewards. But mind you, the rewards are tremendous. Being able to make a difference in the lives of your students is what it really is about. I can’t think of any other way to live my life.

The Role of Audit Committee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Role of Audit Committee - Essay Example The audit committee's role is equally important in both the private and public sector. The effectiveness of the audit committee, the various flaws and inconsistencies in their functions and theoretical underpinnings are all considered along with examples of corporate collapses due to audit committee faults. Audit committees' role in the United Kingdom's Parliamentary system of government stems from the concept of apt management and responsible expenditures considering that taxpayers' money constitutes the capital that must be appropriated for public services (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). So, all disbursements must be within the constitutional provisions of the legislative system. Relatively, legislated protocols are in placed to ensure consistency, and to avoid corrupt practices that may lead to waste. In addition to the department of budget, the office of the commission on audit was created to oversee and assure legitimate expenditures and to avoid deficits as much as possible. Chances are high, that the members of the audit committee are certified public accountants and lawyers considering the nature of the role that the audit committee plays in the configuration of appropriate budget consistent with interpreted laws. As far as audit committee role in the Parliament is concerned, the U... The set of legal rules are contained in the Supply procedure documents. Normally, an annual audit report is submitted to the legislative body at the end of the fiscal year (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). In the preparation of an annual budget that will cover expenditures for the subsequent fiscal year, the bureaucracy's independent subdivisions perform three general standard functions: 1) set the budget allocation for the year; 2) rank expenditures according to importance; 3) at the release of an approved budget for disbursement, asses, evaluate, and audit the values of the supposed expenditures. Subsequently, after the documents are submitted to the executive department, the senior management will collate and prepare to support the tentative annual budget. This annual budget will then be submitted by the senior management to the parliament. The legislative body will deliberate on the budget extensively prior to endorsement. Consequently, whatever part of the budget appropriation is found substantive the legislative body will cast their ballot on it, making the same available for disbursement. 4) Finally, after all the funds appropriated were approved and disbursed according to the p lan, the accounting commission will issue a corresponding report which will be dully evaluated by the audit commission for proprietary considerations (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). However, the "constitutional analysis, especially by lawyers, has tended to underplay the significance of audit, especially the role of the Comptroller & Auditor General (Deloitte & Touche, 2009) and National Audit Office in the accountability of government" (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). Audit Committee

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Research Paper - 1

Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administation - Research Paper Example It is also going to analyze why a person ‘A’ should not suffer at the expense of reward of person ‘B’. Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration Introduction: The role of criminal justice system According to May, (2008), criminal justice is rights respecting treatment that is deserved by virtue of criminal conduct. It is concerned with the responsibility of controlling crime and ensuring the due process is followed. For example, in US justice system, prisons are expected to provide basic human needs in a favorable environment. There is a very great relationship between law enforcement, the judicial system, and the corrections. The law enforcement agents are mandated to ensure there is law and order in the society (May, 2008). The judicial system issues judgments to people found guilty. They send the criminals to correction centers where the criminals obtain various correction programs as they serve their jail term. In thi s case, prisons renounce idleness and offers constructive employment, and recreation activities to the prisoners. Harr, (2008) noted that the criminal justice system addresses the human needs of prisoners with an aim of expressing faith in them. This goes in line with the purpose of prisons other than punishing them, to correct the prisoner. This idea helps the prisoners maintain their humanity and cooperate with the programs designed to rehabilitate them. The aim of inclusion of criminal justice system is to abstract values and not to punish the prisoners. Conflicting Reward Systems and Their Impact on Criminal Justice Administration On the other hand, reward systems encompass rewarding specific persons involved in the criminal justice system (Schmalleger, 2007). For example, judges are re-elected due to their hard sentencing of criminals by sending them to prison. The same case applies to prosecutors who move large number of cases to court alongside quick settlement of the cases. However, such a move can only serve the interest of the rewarded persons while neglecting the interest of others (Schmalleger, 2007). In light to this assertion, it can be argued that hard sentencing of criminals for example drug addicts would not add any value to the criminals. After completion of their jail term, drug addicts can still go back to their usual habit of addiction. In this regard, instead of judges sending such criminals to prison, it would be much better if the drug addicts are referred to drug rehabilitation centers Harr, 2008). This way, they would get necessary treatment and counseling that would see them abandon drugs and start a new life. Although not all criminals can be subjected to alternative correction centers, most of them can actually be subjected to such institutions. Some of the most effective correction institutions that could help criminals deter from committing crimes includes boot camps, which are particularly practiced in military setups, house arr ests, restitution and electronic monitoring (Hodge, 2009). If these programs are more utilised, the criminal justice systems would be seen to be meeting their goals and objectives. In some instances, additional funding for expanding jail facilities is another form of reward for those jails that are seen to be efficient in being harsh on criminals. This reward tends to pay no attention to programs like rehabilitation centers which have facilities like education and various job training which would go a long way in correcting criminals (Solhkhah & Wilens,

Nation Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nation Branding - Essay Example In as much as the country has various setbacks, there are various ways the country can exploit in order to realize positive image overseas. The world economic outlook of a country is a tremendously influential factor, which can either attract or chase investors. It is in this regards that many countries try to maintain an economic outlook, which draws a positive picture, thereby attracting investors. This is an opportunity; Japan can use to brand, the county’s image, considering stability, which the country has, witnessed from the past (Dinnie 10). For example, it is a country in the midst of transforming its tax system from the previous large system tax-free saving accounts to lowered individual marginal taxes. The new system allows a reduction in statutory corporation rate. This is a chance, which investors can make use of in various areas of investment. In as much as the new tax system takes into effect a new income tax, it gets evidenced that it encourages investors. Consequently, Japan is a country endorsed with many tourist facilities, which it can use to collect revenue from tourists. For instance, Kobe tourist attractions spread like a ribbon for a distance of 30 km (Kis 23). The city is endorsed with various facilities including the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and Arima, one of the oldest areas of Japan characterized by many springs and steam jets. Tourism is a sector, which helps in the collection of many funds from tourists and has seen the economic growth of many institutions. This, therefore, is a chance the Japanese government can use to brand the country, hence changing the outlook from the various world perspectives (Jincui 01). Last but importantly, Japan is one of the countries considered secure in terms terrorist attacks, as well as minor security problems. As compared to other countries like the United States of America, Japan does not have political enemies. This makes it a neutral country, which when invest or

Mothers and Fathers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mothers and Fathers - Essay Example Depending on what either parent does towards the child, determines the particular reaction the child would have in response to the parent’s behavior. In most instances, infants turn to either parent in certain situations, based on the previous interactions that the two have had (Raver 36). For instance, when an infant feels hungry, most will turn to their mothers considering that in similar instances, mother have always provided the food. Similarly, most infants will turn to their fathers whenever they feel scared for protection. Different factors contribute differently towards the position of a parent in giving care to an infant. Cultural alignments and environments play a critical role in determining how infants view either parent. Naturally, mothers are the primary caregivers in most societies as they stay home with the infants while the fathers fend for the families. However, in an instance in which the mother is the sole provider in the family and, therefore works outside the home, the father then forms a stronger bond with the infant (Kenner & McGrath 42). In such an instance, the infant would view the father as the primary nurturer and caregiver. Based on the considerations above, it is evidently clear that other than for the birthing process and breast-feeding, a mothers position as a caregiver of an infant or child is never biologically different from that of a father; however, it all depends on the circumstances involved. Both the father and mother’s positions as caregivers of an infant rema in the

The relationship between environmental regulation and companies' Essay

The relationship between environmental regulation and companies' commercial competitiveness regarding the Porter Hypothesis - Essay Example This idea was stated twenty years ago and appeared to be disproving for all the previous opinions, which came to the same conclusion: environmental regulation are not beneficial for organizations as they have to spend much for innovations that decreases their profit. Hypothesis by Porter disproves such opinion stating that the strict policy stimulates â€Å"innovation offset†. If resources are used efficiently, the economy will only benefit. Since the hypothesis was stated there has been much controversy around it, many disproving theories have appeared notwithstanding that some of Porter’s words were simply misunderstood (Ambec et al, 2011). Certainly, such a supposition can’t be considered as correct without case study. The given paper will try to define if the Porter hypothesis is correct by analyzing the corresponding literature. The main questions â€Å"Over the past 20 years, much has been written about what has since become known simply as the Porter Hypo thesis (PH). Yet even today, we find conflicting evidence and alternative theories that might explain the PH, and oftentimes a misunderstanding of what the PH does and does not say† (Ambec et al, 2011). Actually, for now experts hesitate to answer the question what influence environment innovations have on organizations. The issue remains unclear. It is obvious that environmental innovations are not provided for free and they become a reason for additional expenses that at first sight can’t bring any advantage to firms. At the same time such regulation create good environment for eco-innovators’ activity (Ambec et al, 2011). To prove or disprove Porter’s hypothesis it is necessary to determine if environmental innovation determined by regulation is as successful as innovation determined by new technical and market opportunities. It is not less important to answer the question if regulatory-based environmental innovation is beneficial for organizations and their activity. The Porter hypothesis is correct The review of literature shows that despite numerous hesitations, controversies and disproving opinions â€Å"Porter spirit† appeared to be contagious that would never happen it the argument were wrong and useless. According to Alex Krauer, "Financial performance and environmental performance can go hand in hand. Eco-efficiency is the key to sustainability, in both economic and ecological terms. The key to eco-efficiency is innovation and productivity improvement" (cited in Bernauer et al). This argument serves as the proof of Porter hypothesis’ popularity, moreover many developed countries try to bring this idea to life. Such approach was given a definition of a â€Å"win-win† opportunity, when both the wolves have eaten much and the sheep have not been touched. Porter states: â€Å"†¦properly designed environmental standards can trigger innovation that may partially or more than offset the costs of complyi ng with them† (cited in Bernauer et al). It means that the environmental regulation does not bring any problems, on the contrary it brings new opportunities. Innovation survey that has been held in Germany revealed that the outcome depends on the field regulation is applied in. The field of company’s activity plays the decisive role. â€Å"Regulations in favor of sustainable mobility contribute to higher sales with market novelties while regulations in the field of water management lower this type of innovation success†

Ability to recall from memory an event Essay Example for Free

Ability to recall from memory an event Essay A study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) into the accuracy of Eye Witness Testimony aimed to find out if changing the wording of a question could distort ones ability to recall from memory an event. They showed their participants a series of car crash videos before asking them to fill out a questionnaire. One of the most important questions included asking the participants what speed the cars were travelling at. They used an independent measures design to divide the participants into 5 conditions: Smashed, Collided, Bumped, Hit, Contacted. The results from this experiment provide good research into accuracy of eyewitness testimony because it found that by changing the wording of a question, it significantly influenced the speeds given by the participants. For example, those in the smashed condition provided the highest average of speed of 40.8mph, whilst those in the contacted conditions average were merely 31.8mph. Similarly, when called back a week later and asked if any broken glass was seen, they found that although there wasnt any present, 32% in the smashed condition said they had seen broken glass. Loftus and Palmer therefore concluded that by using the word smash it gives suggestions of strong impact and thus shows that leading questions have an impact on the accuracy of eyewitness ability to re-call situations. The strengths from this study include providing useful insight for the police so they know that when interviewing witnesses they should be aware of the way they phrase their questions to ensure the memory of the witness isnt distorted in any way. Similarly, it shows that juries should be thoughtful before accepting the validity of a witness when listening to eye witness testimonies.  On the other hand there are also weaknesses to this study. Firstly, it lacks mundane realism and ecological validity because the film shown has less emotional impact than a real life situation would and the participants knew they were about to watch a film so thus transferred their full attention to the video, whereas in real life they would be taken by surprise. Similarly, contradictory evidence from Yuille and Cutshall (1986) weakens the credibility of this study. They interviewed people that had witnessed an incident where someone was shot dead and fatally injured and found that the witnesses accounts were not influenced by the leading questions and were in fact very clear. This suggests that more intense incidents perhaps improve ability of re-call. Other psychological research into anxiety and violence tells us more about accuracy of eye witness testimony. Yerkes-Dodson Law for example believed that an increase in arousal increases performance up to a certain point, which they called optimum level. They believed that once arousal when higher or lower than this level it would affect memory performance. This is supported by Peters (1988) who found that those receiving inoculations in a clinic (an anxiety generating event) found it difficult in accurately identifying the nurse who issued their jab. One can conclude that this was due to the high levels of arousal surrounding the participant during the time of the jab. Moreover, researcher has been conducted into whether attention focus or anxiety was the sole reason behind poor recall. Loftus Burns (1982) found that details of less-violent crimes were more accurate than details of highly violent crimes. Whilst Clifford scott (1978) found that witnesses to violent incidents generally re-call less than witness to non violent, regardless of whether a weapon was used. This shows that the level of violence involved in the incident had a strong influence on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Lastly, there is also research into how age affects accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Studies have shown that children are more likely to get influenced if tested on eye witness testimony than adults due to things such as language ability or memory processes. Evidence into language ability comes from Goodman and Schaaf (1997) who found that the more complex the question, the less accurate the answer given by the child. This suggests that one aspect of ensuring that eyewitness testimony remains accurate is to not test the child on skills that they are not fully developed in yet e.g. complex language. This is backed by a study by Ceci et al (2000) who found that children aged between 3-4 years were more influenced by leading questions. Research into memory processes shows that children may lack detail but not accuracy when it comes to re-call, which was found by Goodman and Reed (1986). Similarly, Memon et al (2003) studied the accuracy of young and older eye witnesses found that after 35 minutes there was no difference in accuracy of identification however, after 1 week, the older generation worsened significantly more than the younger generation.  To conclude, there has been a great deal of research into the accuracy of eye witness testimony and this has shown that there are many things that influence someones ability to re-call a situation accurately. Therefore, one could say that Eye witness testimony isnt the most accurate method.