The Effect of the Northern Drilling

A deep subsurface rock core for paleoclimate reconstruction was collected in October and November 2007 during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL). To allow for deeper penetration and more efficient core recovery, water-based saline drilling fluids were utilized. A total of 5. 6Ãâ€"105 L of fluids was lost in the subsurface. The fluid was comprised of surface seawater from the sound, as the wetting agent mixed with densifying compounds (mainly potassium chloride and small amounts of fourteen other compounds including biodegradable organics).When exploring pristine locations a main goal needs to be minimizing the amount of biological and chemical contamination. Introducing a contaminant such as drilling fluids could negatively alter the in situ conditions; affecting the environment even after the exploring party has departed the system. The fate of contamination on the subsurface environment from invasive exploration methods int o pristine environments is not well known.In this study, computer models (MODFLOW, SEAWAT) that are used by hydrogeologists to establish the fate and transport of contamination were utilized to determine the extent of the drilling fluid contamination from the sea floor to 1100 mbsf. In these models, previously collected logs for lithology, porosity, fracture density, drilling fluid loss, drilling fluid characteristics, and temperature were used as different parameters in the model.In addition, biodegradation and sorption constants for the drilling fluid were determined. These factors are important to determine the extent and half-life of the drilling fluids in the subsurface. Samples of drilling fluids used during coring and return fluids were collected from the drill site and were used to determine the biodegradation of the drilling fluids. The overall goal of this research project is to utilize the rich data set provided by SMS ANDRILL and some basic la

Marketing Research †Final Exam Review Essay

Units 1-2 One question will be drawn from the following. This is the only material you need to know from the first two units except for material that has carried over into Unit 3. For instance, things like response types, population, sample, sampling distribution, etc. were covered in Unit 2. These concepts are important to understanding the Unit 3 material, so you need to know them. Studying real organizations is sometimes the most effective way to understand some marketing research concepts. In this course, class material has been illustrated through over fifty examples of real organizations. Most of the examples and cases have been covered in the first two exams. These possible long answer questions address examples and cases that have not been covered–there aren’t that many of that haven’t been covered! 1. In the Diageo Captain Morgan Gold case, what did management choose to do and why? (4 pts) What was the outcome, and why did it happen? (4 pts) What is the main lesson to take away from the case? (2 pts) 2. In the cloth vs. disposable diapers case, describe the background and results of the two studies. (8 pts) What lesson does this illustrate about using secondary data for marketing research? (2 pts) 3. In the Whirlpool case, what did marketing research studies show, and what did management decide to do? (6 pts) While management made a mistake in hindsight, their reasoning made sense from the production side—why? (2 pts) There are several takeaway lessons from this case. Name one. (2 pts) Unit 3 – There is only one possible long answer question, and here it is: Part 1 Do people in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Houston spend the same average amount on furniture each year, or are there differences between the cities? To answer this, a furniture company gathered data from people in the four cities. The supervisor proposes that they compare each pair of cities. So they would compare NYC vs. Chicago, NYC vs. LA, NYC vs. Houston, Chicago vs. LA, Chicago vs. Houston, and LA vs. Houston. If any of those pairs reveals a significant difference with 95% confidence (i.e., you can be 95% confident that the two groups are different), then they can conclude that the cities are not all the same. a. Briefly, why isn’t this a good way to analyze the data? (5 pts) The problem with running 6 pair tests is that there is still a 5% chance that the z- value we calculate will be a fluke that leads to a wrong conclusion. For each calculation done, there is an increased chance of error, thus we are six times more likely to get the wrong conclusion. This gives you a total of 1-(95/100) ^6 = 0.265 = 26.5% chance of improperly rejecting at least one of your six calculations. b. What is a better method? You only need to give the name of the method. (2 pts) The better method to use is called analysis of variance aka ANOVA Part 2 When conducting a chi-square test, the expected frequencies are equal to (Row total x Column total) à · Grand total How is this formula derived from mathematical and probability rules? Be detailed. If it helps to explain it by referring to an actual table, you can use the table below. (10 pts) | This formula is derived by each individual amount being assigned to each other individual amount. The probability of being in row A is A/E = 150/253 = .5929 = 59.29% The probability of being in column C is C/E = 135/253 = .5336 = 53.36% Thus when mathematically combining the probability of being in row A and column C is A/E x C/E = 150/253 x 135/253 = (150Ãâ€"135)/253 = 80.04 which is the same as B D C A E .5929 x .5336 = .3164 x 253 = 80.04

Remarkable Telecommunication Revolution Assignment - 2

Remarkable Telecommunication Revolution - Assignment Example The mobile phone handset market has various powerfully interlinked entities. It is significant that the popularity and dominance of each company show a discrepancy in each market.  In this industry, major operator’s function using a wide-ranging set of diverse operation modes. Nokia, for example, has factories, R&D, and sales offices all around the world. The factories are generally situated in low-cost nations but most R&D centers are functioning in countries with advanced research and â€Å"R&D† infrastructure such as the United States, Switzerland, Germany, and Finland. The competing companies considered at this point are the mobile handset manufacturers who perform to make their business safe or fight back with the limited factors of production. Internationalization is happening in all areas of the organization. Especially in â€Å"telecommunications† sector, changes are happening each day. The traditional theories of the process of internationalization of organizations are mainly based on the researches carried out on MNC’s engaged in manufacturing. These theories suggest that the firms can start their â€Å"internationalization† by entering into â€Å"foreign markets† with a small â€Å"psychic distance† by entering into â€Å"foreign markets† such as geographical and culturally close nations. Also, the companies can start their â€Å"internationalization† â€Å"internationalization† along with less committed function modes, such as exports, before the commitment of more capital by spending in the â€Å"foreign markets†. The procedure is linear and ultimately develops into a â€Å"global strategy† by the companies.

(DNRC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(DNRC) - Essay Example The document contains information from collected reports from a wide range of government sections and agencies. The report contains evaluations of the associated severity of a big scope of primary accidents or natural occurrences (communally referred to as hazards) and attacks that are malicious in nature (threats). It also contains evaluations of the potential risks that are caused by public unrest, local extremists and organized crime. JTTF and Homeland Security Detectives have collected all sorts of information, and the following are the considered major hazards and threats that originate from five major sections. Miami faces a continuous threat from terrorism because it is a favored destination for many local and foreign tourists. Beyond the conventional strategies of attack, terrorists may have the intentions of conducting cyber attacks or employ non-traditional methods such as chemical, radiological substances, nuclear and biological materials (Christopher, Frye & Reissman, 2010). Considered to be a high profile political event, the Democratic-Republican National Convention is expected to present an attractive target to terrorist groups and their sympathizers. Without a shred of doubt, there will be a lot of movement of passengers during the course of the event. The historical information reveals that of the various malicious attacks regarded, traditional attempts at sabotaging the open transport structures such as the subway stations are likely to be tried (Shach-Pinsly & Ganor, 2014). Other related attacks of the same nature on maritime and air travel systems is less likely to be employed because of the heightened security screening within these systems. Non-conventional attacks are regarded as attacks that use unusual materials such as nuclear materials, chemical and biological materials. The magnitude and effect of such an occurrence would be dependent on the material used to carry out the attack, and the location chosen to launch the attack. The

Determination of nitrogen dioxide content of the atmosphere Lab Report

Determination of nitrogen dioxide content of the atmosphere - Lab Report Example Apparatus include sampling probe, absorber, gas drying tube, air-metering device, thermometer, manometer, air pump, spectrophotometer, and stopwatch. Reagent grade chemicals have been used. Water free from nitrite and deionized according to specification D 1193 for type I or II reagent water has been used. Anhydrous sulfanilic acid has been used as the absorbing reagent, N-(1-Naphthyl)-Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride stock solution (0.1 percent), Sodium Nitrite standard solution (0.0246 g/L) and NO2 permeation device were reagents and materials that were used in the experiment. 5.0012 g of anhydrous sulfanilic acid was dissolved in 1 L of water containing 140 mL glacial acetic acid. The process was gently heated to speed up the process. 20 mL of the of N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 0.1 % stock solution and 10 mL acetone were added, and diluted to 1 L. 0.1 g of the reagent was dissolved in 100 mL water.Calibration and StandardizationThe flowmeter was calibrated using practice D 3195. The gas meter was calibrated using test method D 1071. Standardization was based on observation. 0.82 mol of NaNO2 produced the same color as 1 mol NO2. 1 mL working standard solution contains 24.6 Â µg NaNO2. The amount of NO2 given by (24.6/69.1)x(46.0/0.82), which is 20 Â µg NO2. Standard conditions of 101 kPa and 25C were taken, and the molar gas volume was 24.47L (ASTM International 3). Graduated amounts of NaNO2 solution were added to a series of 25mL volumetric flasks up to 1 mL.

The Impact of Third Party Logistic on the Supply Chain Process in The Essay

The Impact of Third Party Logistic on the Supply Chain Process in The Case Of Tesco Plc - Essay Example There are associated different advantages with the effective third party logistics. The advantages of the third party logistics include improvements in the efficiency of labor, increase in the efficiency of the IT, improvement in the customer’s satisfaction and the effective implementation of the supply chain management systems. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 DECLARATION 5 ABSTRACT 5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 5 Outline of the Study 5 Background of the Research 5 Problem Statement 5 Research Aims 5 Research Objectives 5 Significance of the study 5 Rationale of the study 5 Research Questions 5 Electronic data base searches 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Supply Chain Management 5 Third- Party Logistics 5 Overview of the Company 5 Tesco Plc and the Third-party Logistics 5 Pitfalls 5 Strategic objective in the Supply Chain 5 Supply Chain Management (SCM) 5 Retail Sector 5 Principles for managing the Supply Chain 5 Principle No. 1: 5 Principle No. 2: 5 Principle No. 3: 5 Princi ple No. 4: 6 Principle No. 5: 6 Principle No. 6: 6 Principle No. 7: 6 Supply Chain Decisions 6 Location Decisions 6 Production Decisions 6 Inventory Decisions 6 Transportation Decisions 6 Impact of Effective Third Party Logistics 6 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 6 Research Plan / Methodology Perspective 6 Research Design 6 Rationale for a Qualitative Study 6 Rationale for a Quantitative Study 6 Philosophical Framework or Paradigm 6 Appropriate Method 6 Selection of Methods 6 Data Collection Methods 6 Instrument for data collection 6 Data Analysis 6 Justification Method 6 Strength and weakness of the mixed research 6 Strengths 6 Weaknesses 6 Literature Search 6 Reliability/Dependability 6 Validity 6 Ethical Considerations 6 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION AND... Just like other activities, the Supply Chain Management is one of the advanced methodologies to ensure a proper and sophisticated supply and distribution of the goods and services by the firms in an industry. This proposal, and the thesis based on it, discusses the concept of the Supply Chain Process and the impact of third party logistics on it. In order to elaborate on the literature review of the subject, the research has been done analytically through the case study approach. For that purpose, the case of Tesco Plc has been considered and a comprehensive view of the topic has been provided in the company’s context. In order to provide a structure to the study, the exploration has been guided through the use of research methodologies, the collection of data through secondary research and the interpretation of the results. Background of the Research For the purpose of researching upon the company, Tesco has been considered to be analyzed in terms of the supply chain process. The investigation will also be performed to judge the impact of third party logistics on the supply chain processes of the organization. According to Rayport and Sviokla (2006), Tesco plc is merchandise and the global grocery retailer based in Cheshunt, United Kingdom.

Dyson Crafting a Deployment Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dyson Crafting a Deployment Strategy - Essay Example Education, knowledge, culture, supporting high tech start-ups and financing high tech start ups were his proposals. He laid emphasis on exploiting knowledge, challenging the government to consider investing in university or industry research, where there are possibilities of making specializations and excellence in certain fields. There is a general acceptance among leaders in public and private sectors that UK has a strong scientific base, which lays a good foundation for making innovation a reality. Support should continue to be given to local institutions of learning and research with emphasis on those which utilize innovative approaches to provide sustainable solutions to the problems or needs of people in the country or globally. Research and development is nowadays a common feature of any institution which needs to grow and remain relevant to the demands and needs of relevant consumers. It is especially essential that R & D be not a totally separate department where innovation exists, whereas the other areas in an organization remain stagnant. R & D should be incorporated into the general structure of the company and everybody should view it as part of the means to achieve an organization’s purposes. This paper aims to obtain experiences from clients who use Dyson products in their homes and offices. Specifically, clients will be asked to explain why they prefer Dyson products or generally how the products differ from others they have used before. To get the right and helpful answers from the clients, it’s critical to design the questions in such a way that they are not confusing to the customers, and that they are convenient and comfortable for the clients to give comprehensive and correct answers or responses. The questions should be straight to the point or direct. Methodology This study employs a cross sectional strategy whereby information will be collected from clients of the company once, without any follow up except for clarification . Questionnaires will be used to collect information and they will be self administered unless there is request for questions to be read. This data will be analyzed quantitatively to obtain measures of central tendency and variation, and a final report will be written to inform the company on what customers expect from them. There shall be feedback where the information obtained from clients will be presented before senior management of the company so that any clarifications can be made to enable the company make informed decisions regarding the design and manufacture of their products (Dyson, 2012). Obtaining of information from clients or customers is very critical for any organization, because it helps the organization to be able to know the feelings or attitudes of the customers and potential clients regarding their products or what they sell. This specifically helps companies in coming up with decisions which can greatly help the company to move forward. Basically, asking for c ustomer response helps in efficient decision making, and many companies capitalize on this when making critical decisions regarding the running of the companies. These responses may be collected using questionnaires or interviews, both physical and telephone interviews, where customers are

Modernist Art Form and Post Modernist Art Form Essay

Modernist Art Form and Post Modernist Art Form - Essay Example The essay "Modernist Art Form and Post Modernist Art Form" discovers a modernist art form and the postmodernist art form. The history of art reflects different periods that conveys the changing views of artists as to what art is all about and how they want to express themselves using it. In the late 1800’s, the birth of Modern Art became evident through the initiative of Édouard Manet and other painters later known as impressionists. Their goal was to express their individuality as artists while criticizing the government. They strove to break free from the rules imposed by academic institutions which were deemed as the sole authority on art. As the industrial age progressed and art evolved to include different types of media, various modern art movements developed and soon it became impossible to find a single trend to the period. Modern art encompassed movements such as cubism, surrealism, dada and pop-art as well as collage and 3D variant assemblage. These latter moveme nts opened the path to the new period of postmodern art. Perhaps the unifying theme of modern artists was their belief that art mattered – that it had real value. Whereas before art was used mainly to convey ideas of powerful religious and political institutions, the period of modern art gave artists more freedom to suggest personal meanings to their art forms. This gave birth to the expression art for art’s sake which suggests art without any religious or political intention. Other theorists claim that modern art’s defining characteristic.... This was the time when some modern art movements such as pop-art and minimalism slowly developed into what is now known as contemporary or postmodern art. The disillusionment with life's meaning that the effects of World War II brought about, was what made artists lose sight of the value of their art. During this period, artists rejected the idea that life (and art for that matter) has any intrinsic value. For them the world has been filled with reproduction and as such originality and individual expression are no longer valid goals. There is nothing new to create as all visual images are mere copies of previous copies. This emphasis on reproduction has led many artists to master production techniques such that they are able to make art without undergoing the traditional processes of learning perspective, composition, color theory and the other knowledge and skills required by traditional artists. With the emergence of new image-based technologies such as the television and computer, artists were able to manipulate this media and they managed to emerge with something new. Postmodern art also focused on gratifying modern consumer's wan t of novelty and entertainment and anything that would equally shock them. Thus the period saw the emergence of huge ice-sculptures, islands wrapped in pink polypropylene fabric and a large monolithic block filled with discarded computers as art with the latter even winning the prestigious Turner Prize. Art then has acquired a new meaning where concept takes precedence over aesthetics and craftsmanship becomes secondary. Film or motion pictures are series of images projected into a screen to create the illusion of motion. When these images are flashed in rapid succession, the eye through a phenomenon called

Prometheus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prometheus - Essay Example Prometheus was a very clever witted and wily Titan whose job was to mould mankind from clay. All these aspects help to show how he was a harbinger of good deeds for mankind as he was always concerned with trying to make humanity better. For this reason alone, he often clashed with Zeus, who was opposed to the idea of having any form of humanity other than that of the Titan clan. For stealing fire from Zeus, Prometheus was punished cruelly by Zeus. He was chained to the mountain of Kaukasos where every day, an eagle would feast upon his liver. Since he had healing powers, his liver would regenerate every night. He says, â€Å"This is the crime that I must expiate   Hung here in chains, nailed 'neath the open sky. Ha!  Ha!   What echo, what odour floats by with no sound?† Through these simple yet satirical words, written down in the Aeschylus, Prometheus has tried to set aside his woes and bring to terms that fact that he had been chained on Zeus’ orders, which acco rding to him were very unjust. These lines help to show the kind of disdain that flowed through Prometheus at the time of being chained and undergoing such a cruel punishment all because of the anger that Zeus had in his mind. He says, â€Å"The foe of Zeus and one at feud with all   The deities that find   Submissive entry to the tyrant's hall;   His fault, too great a love of humankind.   Ah me! Ah me! what wafture nigh at hand,   As of great birds of prey, is this I hear?† Through these words and dialogue, Prometheus has tried to put forth the kind of hatred that Zeus possessed for all of humanity of mortals; the reason because of which he got chained to the mountain. This process continued for a very long time, until Zeus ordered Hercules to rescue Prometheus. Despite this, the fire could not be retrieved back from humanity because it had spread too wide and far. However, the question still remains whether or not Prometheus’ punishment was justified by Ze us. According to personal opinion, it was not, because Prometheus was only trying to share with humanity the gifts that the Titans possessed. He could foresee the future and thus had probably foreseen doom that would be bestowed upon mankind if humanity had not discovered fire. Even though years of rubbing sticks and stones together went by, no man was able to create fire until the time that Prometheus stole it and sent it to the cavemen. â€Å"Oh that he had conveyed me   'Neath earth, 'neath hell that swalloweth up the  dead;   In Tartarus, illimitably vast   With adamantine fetters bound me fast-   There his fierce anger on me visited,   Where never mocking laughter could upbraid me   Of God or aught beside!† Through the following lines, Prometheus has tried to describe the kind of hellish life was to spend in the dark pits of Tartarus as per his punishment by Zeus. The wrath of Zeus was not at all justified in the kind of punitive life Prometheus was put int o for the rest of his life. The symbol of Prometheus is thus used in modern day architecture in various parts of the world in order to make people remember that fear persists in the environment as well. Prometheus was not at all a God fearing man and thus went ahead with his decision of taking the fire away and distributing it in a way that it flowed light upon the rest of mankind. Also, his liver, which is actually a symbolism of courage and

The Policy Process, Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Policy Process, Part II - Essay Example Policy evaluation can be limited to the long term care policy to give a vivid explanation and meaning of policy evaluation. First is the assessment or judgment of quality, program effectiveness and impact of the policy. As a health care policy, the best judges on the quality of the program would be healthcare recipients. For this reason, an effective quality evaluation can be undertaken by implementing a quality assurance system. Preferably, the quality assurance system should e external; meaning that the assessment should be done by stakeholders outside the policy implementation process. A suitable example will be patients. In a pilot survey research, patients who receive treatment under the long-term care policy can be made to give their impression on the quality of the policy. Data collected in this manner can be analyzed to give policy makers a fair idea of the quality of the policy. On goal attainment evaluation, this can be left with the policy makers themselves as they are the goal setters. By definition of the strategic plan that was used in drafting the policy, policy makers should be in a policy to tell whether or not the policy has reached its goal. This assessment should, however, be done based on the timelines set for the policy. ... Data collected in this manner can be analyzed to give policy makers a fair idea of the quality of the policy. On goal attainment evaluation, this can be left with the policy makers themselves as they are the goal setters. By definition of the strategic plan that was used in drafting the policy, policy makers should be in a policy to tell whether or not the policy has reached its goal. This assessment should however be done based on the timelines set for the policy. For example if it was stated that one million people must join the policy by the end of the first year, it will be easier determining if this goal has been achieved because of the timeline and quantitative measure. Finally, assessment of the cost can be done by specially employed finance experts and consultants. The consultants will judge the cost effectiveness of the policy based on the strategic plan on cost used in drawing the policy. Analysis stage The policy analysis stage is synonymous to the evaluation stage but dif ferent in one specific way. Whereas the evaluation has the strategic plan as its focus and therefore judges only on the success of the policy, the analysis takes a step further to look into the failure of the policy as well. In the policy analysis therefore, the strategic plan is not the basis for judgment but the environmental outcome – that is how best it has influenced the world around the policy or how worse it has devastated the world around the policy. In this regard, the IEA Training Manual Module 5 (2011) explains that the policy analysis â€Å"provides baseline information, points out major linkages between decisions and environmental outcomes, and provides a starting point for consideration of more sustainable policy options.† An outstanding concept at the analysis stage

The Relationship between Working Parents and the Socialization of Children Essay Example for Free

The Relationship between Working Parents and the Socialization of Children Essay Western countries family life has undergone so many transformations in recent years that the context within which paternal employment is now occurring is different from in the past. Technological developmentsincluding clothes dryers, no-iron fabrics, disposable diapers, home freezers, and processed foods of good qualityhave enormously diminished the amount of work necessary for operating a household; family size is smaller; marital instability has increased the necessity for women to establish occupational competence; economic pressures in general have increased; womens educational levels have risen; the adult roles for which children are being socialized are different; the prevailing social values have changed. Today full-time mothers as well as employed mothers may feel a need to justify their role, and the role of full-time mother is a less satisfying one according to a number of recent studies. The role of the present-day non employed mothers may be as new as the role of the majority of present-day mothers, who are employed. It is even difficult to know which represents more of continuity with the non employed mother of the past. It is possible that the individual child in todays employed-mother household receives as much attention as the individual child in yesterdays non employed-mother householdwork filling in the time previously spent on the extra household responsibilities and the additional children, while todays non employed mother represents the really new pattern. The non employed mother today may represent a more intense parent-child interaction than we have ever had before. There is no data base that would make testing that hypothesis possible, but it is important to keep in mind as employed-mother families are compared with non employed mother families; neither one represents the traditional pattern. Until recently there were very few studies of the effects of paternal employment on the infant and preschool child, largely because the pattern was unusual. But the pattern is no longer unusual. Hochschild (1997) stated that in 1992, over 48% of the mothers of preschoolers, with a husband present in the home, were employed; over 45% of the mothers of children under 3. For mothers with no current husband, a rapidly increasing group, the comparable figures were 60% and 53%. In fact the rate of increase in employment has been greatest for mothers of preschoolers. The current figure of 48.7% employment among married mothers of preschoolers, for example, is more than double the rate in 1985 (Hochschild, 1997). In 1960 less than 20 percent of mothers with preschool children were employed, but by 1972 this had risen to over 45 percent and by 1990 to over 50 percent. In 1960 less than 40 percent of mothers with school-aged children had employment outside of the home. By 1972 this rose to almost 50 percent and by year 2000 to over 60 percent (Kahn, Kamerman, 1987). A long-standing concern exists in our society about possible problems for young children when their mother works outside of the home (McDonald, 2001). In general, available evidence indicates that children from families with two employed parents are as a group similar to those with housewife mothers in terms of emotional, intellectual and physical development (Hochschild, Machung, 1989). Children with two employed parents generally show as much maternal attachment as those whose mothers are full-time housewives. However, maternal employment can, along with other family circumstances, have either positive or negative ramifications for particular children. Tannen (1991) assert many complex factors are involved in determining the impact of maternal employment including the age of the child, type of day-care arrangements and the amount of time the child is actually separated from the parents. The ways that maternal employment may affect the young child can be influenced greatly by the quality of the fathers involvement in parenting. Under some circumstances, maternal employment can have a quite positive influence on both the parents and the child. Maternal employment often defuses an overly intense parent-child relationship, allowing the woman to develop more generalized feelings of competence. On the other hand, if the mothers employment means an already somewhat neglected child receives even less attention, there can be very negative implications for family functioning (Tannen, 1991). The employed mother can provide the father with an opportunity for a closer one-to-one relationship with his child. In many families before the advent of the employed mother, the father was less likely to be with a young child in individualized situations. More than one-third of all child-care arrangements made to aid employed mothers involve some increased participation by fathers. This can be a great advantage indeed if fathers realize their potential positive influence on children. The child with employed parents may also be able to spend some time, at least occasionally, at each of their workplaces. It can be quite stimulating for even very young children to discover that their mothers and fathers are competent adults outside the home. Unfortunately, most employed mothers in two-parent families still find themselves having much more than their fair share of household and parenting responsibilities (Morris, 1992). Wives often balance employment and parenthood better than their husbands do. Employment does not in itself detract from a womans motherhood. The personal satisfaction derived for the woman who enjoys her career may actually increase her effectiveness as a parent. The fact that the employed mother can be a very competent parent while still spending time away from home should support the contention that more fathers can also combine successful careers with effective child rearing. Among educated middle-class mothers, evidence suggests that many of those who are employed actually spend more quality one-to-one time with their children than do most of those who have no career. Many mothers who are home much of the day feel that simply being there is enough for their children. In contrast, employed mothers may feel that they must positively make up for being away from their children. Fathers, too, can learn a great deal from such mothers (Sassoon, 1987). Working mothers who have highly demanding careers tend to become more focused in their attention to their children when they are at home. Most working mothers realize that their children definitely need a period of close contact with them on a daily basis. They are usually committed to quality after-work time with their children. The child may get even more constructive attention from a working mother than from one who does not have a career. The housewife might not have as much of a need to interact as positively with her child on a one-toone basis. After all, she may feel that she is always at home anyway. When a mother has been the primary parent and then decides to pursue a career, especially before her children reach adolescence, much stress may be put on the marital relationship and the family system. In cases where the mother has assumed traditional responsibilities, the transition of going to work or back to school requires role redefinitions affecting both parents and children. Modification of conceptions of marital and parenting responsibilities is necessary but may be difficult to some extent for all family members. The first year in the familys readjustment to the mothers changing status is crucial. Unfortunately many couples cannot adapt in a successful way, and their marriages may deteriorate, sometimes ending in divorce. However, if they stay together during the difficult transition period, most couples actually seem to develop better relationships than when only the husband was an employed parent (Twigg Atkin, 1994). More than half of the preschool children in the United States spend a considerable part of the work week being cared for by someone other than their parents. Estimates show that even though thirty million children under fourteen years of age have mothers who work, there are only five million places available for them in before and afterschool care centers (Wolcott Glezer, 1995). Few studies have looked at the relationship between child stress and maternal employment. In a study by Tannen (1991), 180 adolescent girls and 92 adolescent boys thirteen to nineteen years of age participated in a study to determine whether their mothers employment status had any consequence on their sense of wellbeing. While no considerable results were found for the boys in the sample, the daughters of women employed full-time outside the home were considerably more likely to feel they could not approach their mothers or peers with personal problems; these girls also reported drastically greater life stress than the daughters of mothers who stayed in the home. The author stated, The sources of stress which female adolescents with working mothers found to be most intense imply that the absence of the mother should leave a substantial void in their lives and It seems that maternal employment can be associated with difficulties in the relationship of the parents and this consecutively created a stressful environment for the adolescents. (Wearing Wearing, 1996) The last two decades has seen a emerging of scholarly interest in work family relationships, but thus far the definition of work and family as a distinctive research domain has proceeded mainly as a search for the fundamental effects of specific working conditions on family life. The emotional edge between parents work experiences and qualities of parent-child relationships has been a mainly intriguing subject, leading some researchers to look at the ways in which a parents work-related stresses (deriving from work overload, for instance, or from lack of job autonomy) spill over into the family domain. Most research has emphasized the negative consequences of job spillover, as evidenced by parents emotional taking out or by their controlling, punitive behavior toward their children (Traustadottir, R. 1991; Wearing, Wearing, 1996). In their efforts to elucidate the causal connections between workplace experiences and family interaction, researchers have leaned to take as self-evident the conceptual distinction between work and family. Yet what describes an activity as work or as family is far from clear-cut. Nearly everyone of us who work outside the home are familiar with the ways in which family responsibilities break in the workplace, for example, in the form of personal phone calls to and from family members throughout working hours or in office conversations with co-workers about family-related subjects (Traustadottir, 1991). The division of labor between men and women stated by economic circumstances, womens adjustment to their economic responsibilities as replicated in their management of their time and delegation of tasks to their children and other family members, and the emergence of social behavior in children as a consequence of different socialization practices. The available evidence supporting the subsistence of an adaptive relationship between the mothers economic responsibilities, child care practices and the childrens behavior includes consequences from the Six Cultures study documenting that women in simple cultures who have considerable economic responsibilities assign more chores to their children and seem to be more despotic in their work assignments than women in complex cultures who have few economic responsibilities (Nolan, Grant, Keady,   1996,   and Moen, Robison, Dempster-McClain, 1995). From a western perspective, assessment of the nature of the relationship between maternal employment and child rearing practices presumes special prominence because of distress over the consequences of womens work outside the home. Speculation as to the impact of maternal employment ranges from commentary on the optimistic aspects of work on womens self esteem to concern over the phenomena of latch key children who come home to an empty house in the afternoon (Twigg Atkin, 1994). To date, the evidence derived from experiential studies of Western families is ambivalent as to the overall positive and negative collision of maternal employment on children (Hochschild, 1997). Working mothers report assignment of more household responsibilities to their children and are stricter disciplinarians than nonworking mothers (Hochschild, 1997, 1989). Survey data on adolescents specify that both sons and daughters are better adjusted while the mothers are employed, although the study was primarily designed to explore the negative consequences of maternal employment on adolescents (Nolan, Grant Keady, 1996). Interviews with working and nonworking mothers of young infants have revealed working mothers to recognize less distress in their infants while separated from them and to be less apprehensive about the capability of other care takers (Morris, J. 1992). It has also been suggested, that some working mothers feel guilty concerning not being instantaneously available to their children and compensate by being generous, overprotective, and lax in discipline (Hoffman, 1974). These conflicting lines of evidence point to the requirement for additional information on the consequences of maternal employment on family functioning. Information on changes in childrens behavior instigating from shifts in socialization practices linked with maternal responsibilities assumes increased significance while considered in conjunction with changes in womens employment behavior. As of 1999, 50% of the mothers of school aged children living with their husbands were employed as almost forty percent of mothers of preschool children were employed (Pocock, 2001). It is generally recognized that economic circumstances and the cost of living will encourage, if not force, women to seek paid employment outside the home. The dramatic increase in number of women, mainly mothers of young children, who are joining the work force suggests the requirement for careful examination of the impact of mothers working status on mother-child interactions and ensuing child development. During the last three decades, particular social concern has been directed at the quality of day care provided for children when mothers have employment outside of the home (Pocock, 2001).. A woman who has had a career may be in a state of indecision about continuing to work after she has had a baby. In most families, availability of day care and economic considerations are the major factors impacting on the familys options. If the couple looks strictly at the economic aspects of work, the situation may seem bleak. The potential income the mother earns may get absorbed by the new expenses of child care. But her job may be a significant source of pride as well as money for her. It is to be hoped that her career provides her with personal satisfaction as well as economic benefits (McDonald, 2001). In most cases, the father and mother can take at least some parental leave from their jobs. If they decide that neither of them will take any extended period of time off from working, both should be involved in planning day care for the baby. If some responsible adult cannot be found to care for the child in the home, the mother and father should visit several alternative settings and talk to other parents using such facilities before making a decision. They may find a day-care situation close to where they work so that they can visit their child during the day. Parents should not feel that they have to settle for an institutional day-care center where babies and children may be treated as little more than parts on an assembly line (Hochschild, 1997). They can form a small baby-care cooperative with other parents-fathers as well as mothersso that their child will be cared for with more personalized attention and commitment. As a general rule, it is best for parents to take primary responsibility for the care of their baby. Ideally, parents should not be reticent about presenting their special needs to their employers. They should explain that they may need some time off or will want to work unconventional hours, or even bring the child to work with them occasionally. Many potential arrangements can be made to minimize the need for day care outside of the family. For example, both parents may work thirty-five hours a week, but if one goes to work two hours earlier than the other and comes home two hours sooner, most of the care of the infant can be managed without including other adults. Also, either or both parents may be able to spend part of their lunch hour with the child. A general consequence of the greater involvement of adult females in positions of social and political leadership is a lessening of the emphasis on women just being mothers (Morris, 1992). This is beneficial in relieving some of the enormous pressure on women to define themselves solely in terms of their parenting responsibilities. However, this redefinition of adult femininity can be destructive to the quality of family life if fathers are not involved partners in parenting. The fathers and mothers attitudes toward the womans role outside the family are crucial. If the mother wants to work, to continue her education, or to become more involved in endeavors outside of the home, it is important that the father views it as his responsibility to be positively involved with his children. Greater flexibility for mothers can benefit fathers in many ways. While the mother is gaining an opportunity to broaden her interests outside of the home, the father can have more of a chance for a one-to-one relationship with his child. On a more general level, men must be sensitized to the enormous need for more constructive paternal influence in our society. The danger of the wife subtly resenting the husbands increased involvement with their child is lessened because she is gaining a greater confidence in herself as a well-rounded person. There is a very low probability that a child will be harmed by spending less time with a previously full-time mother, assuming they still share a regular, ongoing relationship. In fact, the child can be greatly stimulated by periods of time getting to know each parent as an individual as well as by opportunities to function more independently of family influence (Twigg, Atkin 1994). The childs social development can be greatly facilitated by a caring, accessible and dependable father who fosters a sense of closeness, sharing and trust. The fathers positive family involvement assumes special significance in fostering social competence because he is apt to be the only salient male adult the child encounters on a day-to-day basis. Both boys and girls need to develop effective modes of social interaction with males as well as females. Children who have the benefit of being exposed to kind, considerate interactions between their parents are likely to have a solid basis for constructive male-female relationships. By conveying positive values about male-female relationships, the nurturing father can have an especially crucial role in supporting his sons and daughters capacity for intimacy. His encouragement of assertiveness, body pride and basic self-esteem increases the likelihood of his child having constructive relationships both inside and outside of the family. Although many interacting biopsychosocial influences are involved, the quality of fathering that individuals receive during childhood tends to be associated with their social competence, sexual adjustment and life satisfaction in adulthood. The earlier father-mother-child relationship is a significant factor in the adults personality functioning and capacity for success in marriage, parenting and work. Exposure to positive paternal and maternal influence during childhood increases the likelihood that females as well as males will be socially and vocationally successful during adulthood, able happily to pursue their personal, family and career interests. Work Cited Hochschild, A. (1997). The Time Bind When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan Books. Hochschild, A. with Machung, A. (1989). The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Avon Books. Kahn, A.J. Kamerman, S.B. (1987). Child Care: facing the hard choice. Dover: Auburn House. McDonald, F. (2001). Work-family policies are the right approach to the prevention of very low fertility. People and Place, 9(3), 17-27. Moen, P., Robison, J. Dempster-McClain, D. (1995). Caregiving and womens well-being: a life course approach. Journal of Health Social Behaviour, 36, pp. 259-273. Morris, J. (1992). `Us and `them? Feminist research, community care and disability. Critical Social Policy, Issue 33 (Winter), pp. 22-39. Nolan, M. Grant, G. Keady, J. (1996) Understanding Family Care. A Multidimensional Model for Caring and Coping. Buckingham: Open University Press. Pocock, B. (2001). Having a Life: Work, Family, fairness and community in 2000. Adelaide, Adelaide University: Centre for Labour Research. Sassoon, A. S. (Ed.) (1987). Women and the State. London: Routledge. Tannen, D. (1991). You Just Dont Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. London: Virago. Traustadottir, R. (1991). Mothers who care. Gender, disability and damily life. Journal of Family Issues. 12 (2), pp. 211-228. Twigg, J. Atkin, K. (1994). Carers Perceived: Policy and Practice in Informal Care. Buckingham: Open University Press. Wearing, B. Wearing, C. (1996). Women Breaking Out: Changing Discourses on Grandmotherhood. journal of Family Studies, 2, 165-177. Wolcott, I. Glezer, H. (1995). Work and Family Life: Achieving Integration. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family.

Symbols of a Worn Path Essay Example for Free

Symbols of a Worn Path Essay Phoenix Jackson; an old negro woman that partakes on a journey to take medicine to her sick nephew that is off in another town. Phoenix is old and through the story there are many accounts that I think are symbolic to being of age. Being one with nature Phoenix Jackson is determined to travel through the forest to tend to her sick nephew. The story itself was full of symbols, some that where more noticeable then others. Phoenix’s face was said to look like a tree with burning glow under it. Pretty much saying she was one with nature, that she was in touch with the natural side of things. And her name is Phoenix which is the same name of the mythical Egyptian bird that lives for 500 years, and then dies but for 500 years it regenerates itself. Her name symbolizes in her old age she lives on. In her old age she is also in touch with nature as her tree trunk like face shows. There are many times she talks to the animals: â€Å"Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animal! Keep out from under these feet, little bob-whites. Keep the big wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none of those come running my direction. I got a long way†(1) as in touch she is with nature, there are many instances that the forest showed signs of death when she seen a buzzard sitting on a dead tree, then she seen a scare crow. That also represents death, but she ended up dancing with the scare crow like she was dancing around death. So far through the journey Phoenix came upon many different things. She even had a symbolic dream; which had her reaching for a marble cake from a young boy which symbolized her living for a longer period of time. It also had a simple reason, just her hallucinating because of old age. But along the way Phoenix came across a well that she drank from that meant longevity. A lot of the symbols in the story had to do with her age or death. Soon after she was done drinking from the spring, a black dog came at her growling which symbolizes death once again. She hit the dog and it ran away. After the encounter with the dog Phoenix stumbles in falls into a ditch. Where she douses off and has a dream of her reaching and nobody pulling her up. Which symbolizes God looking down at her but does not reach for her because it is not her time to go to Heaven. After she wakes up from her dream she gets out the ditch and comes across a white hunter with two growling dogs. In her whole Journey she had many encounters with symbols of death, but made it through the forest to get the medicine to her sick grandson. â€Å"Critical discussion of A Worn Path largely has been concerned with thematic interpretation of the work, particularly the storys racial, mythological, and Christian motifs.† (2) Sometimes even called a Christian pilgrimage, because of the times God is mentioned and how she is still holding on to life. And he going through that forest sacrificing herself could go back to the scarifies Jesus did. But even with those things in it, there were still symbols of the mythological creature. As Phoenix walked through the forest she struggled with bad vision and hallucinations but still made it to the hospital to help her grandson. â€Å"The combined effects of her old age, her poor vision, and her poetic view of the world heighten the lyricism and symbolism of the narrative.† (2) Which made the story more interesting to the readers. Every hardship had a different meaning, and brought her closer to her goal.

Case study of the Image Cafe

Case study of the Image Cafe Image Cafà © was founded by Clarence Wooten in 1998. Prior to that he was also a founded of Envision Designs while he was an undergraduate in 1991 and Metamorphosis Studios in 1994 with co-founder Andre Forde. However, the three company did not really last long. In 1998, Metamorphosis Studios had sold to Medisolv, Inc and Image Cafà © was acquired by Network Solution after sever months of market launch (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). About Clarence Wooten, Jr. Clarence Wooten had a big dream since childhood. His dream is to get rich someday. His childhood hobby was playing with computer games. He was so obsessed with computer that his parents banned him at the age of 14 (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the age of 18, he attended college to study architecture in Catonsville Community College. During that time he believes that by taking up architecture courses can satisfy his creative instincts. In the early 1990s, many professional architects went back to school to upgrade themselves due to the recession. At that point of time, he manages to learn from the senior architects. After the first two failure of his business, he realised that he did not really understand anything about finance after he read the stories from Fred Smith, Reginald Lewis and Bill Gates. This had inspired him to upgrade himself with a business administration and finance. In 1998, he was graduated with B.S. in Business Administration from Johns Hopkins University (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Clarence Wooten, Jr. Venture Spirit Clarence Wooten started Envision Design which was his first business while he enrolled for Catonsville Community College. The type of service he was offering was using form and cardboard to model out a proposed building. The company did not perform well during that time and eventually closed down (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In 1994, Clarence Wooten started his second company Metamorphosis Studios with his co-founded Andre Forde by focusing on special effects and multimedia presentations. Their first customer is Bingwa, an educational software company. However, Bingwa require Metamorphosis Studios to relocate to Princeton, New Jersey and worked for Bingwa. After a thought Clarence Wooten and Andre Forde turned down the offer as they know they are heading for something big (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Metamorphosis Studios was not a successful project too, in 1998 Metamorphosis Studios was acquired by MediSolv, Inc (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). In early 1998, Clarence Wooten started his third company Image Cafà ©. Back in 1995, internet service began to grow. Many companies had started to create their own companies website in order to promote their products and services over the World Wide Web. However, during that time, many companies do not have their own expertise to create a website. Clarence Wooten knew that this is an opportunity and started Image Cafà © to help companies by design their website to promote their products and services over the web (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the start of Image Cafà ©, Clarence Wooten went around to search for capital in order to start his business. What Clarence Wooten wants was $300,000 capital based on $3 million valuation. In total he received $110,000 from 10 different investors. Image Cafà © website was ready to launch after four month of preparation. However, at that point of time, Clarence Wooten had utilised the cash during the launch. He went back to the existing investors to ask for additional $150,000 in form of bridge loan. This time, Clarence Wooten expects to raise $3million at $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In June 1999, Image Cafà © once again runs out of cash. He approaches three major investors who are keen on investing, two venture capital firms and Network Solution. This time he asked for $1 million from each investor on a $10 million valuation. Out of three, one investor felt that $10 million valuation is too high. Clarence Wooten remembered Mid-Atlantic Venture Association was interested to invest in Image Cafà ©. After negotiation, Mid-Atlantic Venture Association will not invest till Clarence Wooten perform the required due diligence. However, Mid-Atlantic Venture understands that Clarence Wooten needs immediate cash so they refer him to two new investors who willing to give him the loan at $300,000 bridge loan on $6 million valuation. At this point of time, Clarence Wooten need to make a final decision to look for more investor or continues to fight as all a long Clarence Wooten wanted a $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). A Business Plan to Manage Clarence Wooten Business The author felt that Clarence Wooten cannot sustain his business is because his venture spirit lacks of a proper business plan. Every business he does he only based on his feeling, he thinks he believes or the investor might all these are base on what he feels. Before starting a business, he should draft a business plan outline. By doing that, he will have a better view on what he is doing. Business plan outline consist of an Executive Summary on the entire business plan. Second, Company Description is about his products and services, ownership, partnerships etc. Third, Industry Analysis base on industry trends, size, growth rate and sales projection. Fourth, Market Analysis on buyer behaviour, competitor analysis, market segmentation and target market selection. Fifth, Marketing Plan focuses on how Clarence Wooten should market his services. Sixth, Management Team and Company Structure consist of the founder and key personnel. Seventh, Operations Plan is about how the company will r un and how do Clarence Wooten produce his work. Eighth, Product (or Service) Design and Development Plan on development status and tasks, challenges and risks, and Intellectual Property. Finally, Financial Projections is a very important factor for entrepreneur. Clarence Wooten should layout how much money his firm needs before the start of his business and how he is going to raise the money and how he is going to use the money. He should not source for investor when he feels that money is not enough (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 144-154). Conclusion Clarence Wooten is daring, creative and smart guy. To start a business, the founder or founders should have a proper business plan. From the business plan the founder or founders will be able to have a better view on what are their strength and weakness is there any opportunity or threat to start or with the business. Fire fighting is not advisable, the founder and founders should prevent fire from burning. Essay Title: Case Study Roxanne Quimby Introduction Roxanne Quimby was graduated from San Francisco Art Institute in oil painted. She has two sisters, one working with AMEX and one working with Charles Schwab, her father worked for Merrill Lynch. During her collage time, Roxanne Quimbys father disowned her due to her father found out that she was living with her boyfriend (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). In 1975, Roxanne Quimby married her boyfriend and moved to Guiford, Maina. They bought a land and build a two room house without electricity, water nor phone. Two years after married, Roxanne Quimby gives birth to a twin. However their married did not last long, when their twins were four, their married broke apart (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). In the 1984, Roxanne Quimby came to know Burt Shavitz. Burt Shavitz was a beekeeper with 30 hives. During that time, Burt Shavitz was earning $3000 a year by selling honey off the back of his truck during hunting season (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). After Roxanne Quimby and Burt Shavitz met, the bond was immediate. Burt Bees is born. History of Burts Bees Burts Bees was founder by Roxanne Quimby and Burt Shavitz in 1984 by starting to sell candle made from beeswax (Burts Bees, 2010). They earned their first $200 during a school craft fair, sales went up to $20,000 at the end of first year (Heather Riccio Hilary Rowland, 2010). In 1989, Burts Bees expanded their production and hired 40 employees to start set up a shop (Burts Bees, 2010). In 1991, Burts Bees increased their products variety. Besides selling candle they have invented soaps, perfumes and their best selling item is lip balm (Burts Bees, 2010). From 1993 to 1994, due to the increase of order they started to look high and low for a new location to expand their product line (Burts Bees, 2010). After a search they have relocated Burts Bees from Maine to North Carolina and dismissed 44 employees back in Maine (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). Why the move? At that moment, Roxanne Quimbly sat down at her new location surrounded by all the unpacked boxes and keep asking herself, why did she move Burts Bees out from Maine? Should she sell Burts Bees away, as she might not need the business when her child grow up or stay in North Carolina to expand her business (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). The reason for the move is due to high transport cost, high payroll taxes and lack of expertise in Maine. In Maine, Roxanne Quimbly hardly can hire a manager to help manage their business, this was due to the location of their business. In order to cope with the demand, Roxanne Quimbly has no time to focus on the management issues too. One fine day, Roxanne Quimbly just felt that Burts Bees have to move away from it current location. She was looking at the map and notice North Carolina. By looking at the map she felt that North Carolina seemed central compare to other location. Without any objection from Burt Shavitz, they did a three days tour in North Carolina and shifted in 1994 (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). Question to ask before the move? Is the industry a realistic place for their new business? Second, can their company do a better job than other as to avoid or diminish the factors that suppress the industry profitability? Third, do they have any unique position in the industry that able to avoid or diminish the forces that suppress the industry profitability? Lastly, do they have any superior business model that can put in place (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 182-183)? If the above answer is yes, then the business will be success. However, if any of the answer is no, this indicates that the company should reconsidering the new venture (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 182-183). Conclusion Before the move to North Carolina, Roxanne Quimbly and Burt Shavitz should sit down to go through a business plan by using SWOT model. Using SWOT model to compare what are the strength and weakness to have business between Maine and North Carolina. Is there really an opportunity in North Carolina (eg. Low taxes and expertise) and types of threat they might face (eg. Competitive markets, security). Roxanne Quimbly should not start asking herself why she moves Burts Bees when she had moved. Essay Title: Case Study Globant Introduction Globant is an information technology (IT) outsourcer in Argentina, over the three years Globant sales have exceeded $12 million. Today Globant is one of the largest independent IT outsourcer companies in Argentina (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006). About Globant Globant was founded in year 2003 by four engineers. They left their job and started Globant when they noticed that there was an increase growth of IT outsourcing in India (Globant, 2010). They started their own business base on simple strategy: Recruit the best local talent and deliver high-quality solution by ensuring superb customer service (Cited: Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). During hiring, human resource focuses on three distinct areas they are: People care, Career and talent development and Staffing and recruiting. People care focus on personnel benefits and work environment. Career and talent development focus on employees growth in the organisation by offering training or courses. Staffing and recruiting focus on attract and hiring in new talent (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). . After seven years of hard work, Globant had become a global payer in the IT industry with a team of 1500 professionals. Globant had also received many awards and recognitions from different institutions. They are: MIT, Endeavor, Global Services, La Nacià ³n, Sadosky, International Association of Outsourcing Professionals, The Black Book of Outsourcing and Mercurio (Globant, 2010). Why Outsource? Over the past decade many organisation are trying to focus on their core business. In order to do so, most of the multinational companies are outsourcing part of their functions out to third party companies. Example: Recruitment, Marketing, Call centre, Logistics, IT etc. In early 1990s, some of the multinational companies start to outsource their IT function. Base on a research done by Forrester Research, by 2005 in United Stated IT outsourcing market have grown to $84 billion (see Globant Exhibit 1) (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). There are many reasons why organisations choose to outsource their functions. However, the most three critical areas are: (1) Cost and time saving, (2) Lack of expertise in the organisation, (3) To focus on company core business (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). Competition in 2006 During 2006, when IT industry reached a matured stated, Globant is facing a fierce competition not only from the local market, they are also facing challenge from giants companies like IBM, EDS, direct competitors and other country in term of cost (see Globant Exhibit 3) (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). Example: Tata Consulting Services (TCS) in Mumbai, India with 90,000 employees. Infosys in Pine, India with 80,000 employees and more than 3 billion in revenues. Luxoft from Russia and Accenture which based in Chicago. Michael Porters Five Forces Model With the competition come from all direction, Globant management can consider to apply using Michael Porters Five Forces Model to over come the threat (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). They are: Threat of Substitutes, Threat of New Entrants, Rivalry Among Existing Firms, Bargaining Power of Suppliers and Bargaining Power of Buyers (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Threat of Substitutes: Compare competitor products and services and theirs. How can they be different whereby others cannot have any substitution (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180)? Threat of New Entrants: Economies of scale willing to accept cost disadvantage. Product differentiation to achieve product differentiation from others. Capital requirements require new company to invest large amount of money. Cost advantages independent of size, Access to distribution channels and Government and legal barriers require license by the authority before enter (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Rivalry Among Existing Firms: focus on Number and balance of competitors, Degree of difference between products, Growth rate of an industry (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Bargaining Power of Suppliers: focus on Supplier concentration, Switching costs, Attractiveness of substitutes and Threat of forward integration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Bargaining Power of Buyers; focus on Buyer group concentration, Buyers costs Degree of standardization of suppliers products and Threat of backward integration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Conclusion In today environment, organisation not only facing competition from the local market it is also facing competition from all over the world. As what we see from the case study, Globant are facing direct competition from India IT firms and local Multinational companies. If Globant wants their customers to continue to use their service besides focusing on their products, they might need to focus on their after sales service. Essay Title: Case Study Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) Introduction This research is base on a case study of Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC). Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was a franchisee of Super Lube. Super Lube was founded by Mr Jeff Martin in March 1979 (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Their core business at that time is focusing on quick lube concept, servicing the lube, motor oil etc. Super lube is also the number one franchiser of quick lubrication and oil change servicing centre in United States (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). In 1980s, Super lube is having some financial issues. In order to pull out from the financial issues, Super Lube sold 80 per cent of it share to Huston, the major oil company during that time (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget was one of the four founders of Super Lube. However, during that time Mr Jeff Martin, chairman and CEO of Super Lube, is committed to franchising his servicing centre. Due to their differences, Mr Frank Herget set up his own company name Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Huston In 1982, Mr Frank Herget started off with two service centres. Over the ten years of hard work Quick Lube Franchise Corporation grow from two service centre to forty-seven service centres (see QLFC Exhibit 1). During that time Mr Frank Herget CEO of Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was facing debt for further financing new service centres as the cost of land and construction have rise from $350,000 to $750,000 per service centres comparing to ten years ago (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). At that point of time, Mr Frank Herget knew that rapid growth is impossible till Quick Lube Franchise Corporation stuck a deal of $6.5 million from Huston Oil of subordinated debt. From there, Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was committed to purchase Huston products (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). QLFC Exhibit 1 Source: Citied from Case Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) Current Issues facing by Quick Lube Franchise Corporation When Huston had acquired 80 percent of Super Lube due to their financial problems, most of the franchisees start to felt discontent. As the franchisor is now focusing on motor oil sales instead of their service centre profit (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget did some research about the past relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Super Lube. After a thorough analysis Mr Frank Herget request for a meeting with the new franchisor, Huston to present his finding and concerns (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget main concern is that Huston is only interested in promoting the core products (lubricant oil) via franchisee chain and not in the area of promoting the service centers profitability. Mr Frank Herget also felt that there is a conflict of interest, as Huston is selling their product to Quick Lube Franchise Corporation as a franchisor and obligated to promote service centre profitability (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). According to the license agreement it stated that, The franchisee is contractually bound to a system of operation and to pay the franchisor a royalty in the form of a percentage of top-line sales (Citied: Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Since Quick Lube Franchise Corporation is paying a loyalty fees to the franchisor how can they also benefit from the core product sales profit. These have goes against the franchise ethics of conflicts of interest between franchisors and their franchisees (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 535-536). Recommendation to resolve the issues Base on the research Quick Lube Franchise Corporation did not violate nor beach the contract called license agreement, as Mr Frank Herget was still providing service as a service centers operator. After Huston acquires 80 percent of Super Lube, Huston should offer a new license agreement to Super Lube existing franchisees. Huston should offer a solution pertaining to Quick Lube Franchise Corporation oil deal and, franchisor and franchisee agreement to avoid conflict of interest. Conclusion It is important to practices franchise ethics in order for the franchisees to trust the franchisor. Franchisor must not have the mentality to get rich by just franchises. Overselling or over promise might end up losing franchisees (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland. 2010: 535-536). Franchisor must be firm on what types of service they expect from the franchisees. Taking the above case study as example, Quick Lube Franchise Corporation do not understand should they be promoting core product from the franchsior or promoting service centers profitability. If the franchsior, it unclear this will lead to conflict of interest. Essay Title: Case Study Indulgence Spa Products Introduction Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser was parent of Jimella and Angela. In 1959, Robert Dawson invests $10 in Fuller Products sales kit and started selling personal care products in Brooklyn, New York (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 1963, Robert Dawson fell in love with Ulissa Moser and they got married. Few years later they started their very own business by opening a Fuller products distributorship (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 1978, Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser expanded their business which includes Dawson Beauty School and beauty supply chain in Midwest. In year 1988, their business get better and they opened their first 37,000 square foot headquarter office and manufacturing facility in Chicago. At the same time Jimella came abroad as a Marketing Director (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Jimella was their younger daughter, she was very hard working. At the age of 11 she started to help her parents by selling products door-to-door (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 2000, Jimella launched a new line of luxury product named Indulgence. She was selling along with Dawson product in the start (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 2003, Jimella changed the way of selling their products. She took the ideas by using salaried sales representative, she changed the selling method by using multilevel marketing sales model also can be known as direct selling (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Starting of Indulgence Since young, Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser have thought their children to dream big and never try to take the easy way for their success. Jimella has an entrepreneurial spirit just like her father. The reason why Jimella wanted to pull Indulgence out from Dawson product line was because she knew that if she continued to stay with Dawson, she would never be able to make any important decisions as her parents were still in control. Any major decision would still need to go through her parents. (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). At that time, Ulissa Moser also felt that the product line was going two different directions. Ulissa Moser wanted Jimella to succeed in what she does, however she also wanted Dawson products to continue to be a successful grow family business (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Ulissa Moser had a conversation with Jimella by telling her that running a business is not as easy as what she think. She needs a lot of time commitment compare to working for her parents. Jimella confidently replied her mother that she was ready for the coming challenges. With the support from her parents, she started her business (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Although Jimella was starting her own business, her parents had arranged her to work for Dawson and handle special projects. In return, Dawson would lend Indulgence Spa Products $250,000 and allowing her to use Dawson to manufacture her products (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Road to Success Jimella is a smart lady. From the case study, the author found that she is equiped with some personal characteristics of an entrepreneurship besides getting support and understanding from her parents. She had identified some of the critical issues if she continues to work under her parents. From there, she identified the opportunity and started off with her own business from her prior experience from Dawson. Jimella is also alert in term of running her own business. Instead of having salaried sales representative, she changed to direct selling. From there, the sales representative did not really depend on their basic salary but were going for commission. The more they sell, the more money they are getting back. This can be known as cognitive factors, an opportunity that others might miss (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Social Networking is another important factor as a successful entrepreneur. When Jimella was a Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) in Dawson she had made a bold move by firing lazy or unproductive employees. From there she had developed a nurturing family work place, where employees were able to feel long term employment in Dawson (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Creativity is also one of the factors that Jimella have. As a CMO in Dawson, she had initiated several operation changes example: direct selling. She also brought in new direction plan for Indulgence Spa Products by using five creative processes. They are: Preparation, Incubation, Insight, Evaluation and Elaboration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Conclusion Jimella is a very hands on person. Since young she had started to learn the hard way of selling. As an entrepreneur, besides having family support, she also understand an entrepreneur must also have a clear mind on which direction they are going. Having prior experience, cognitive factor, social network and creativity is important (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81).

Does the Media Encourage Terrorism? Essay -- essays research papers f

DO THE MEDIA ENCOURAGE TERRORISM The news media of American society does not encourage terrorism. The only thing that the media encourages is knowledge of what is going on around the world. Unfortunately, some terrorist organizations use the news media to gain recognition for their groups causes and goals. Most of the time, the media will serve as force to gain citizen support for the government’s actions against a terrorist movement. The only problem with having the freedom of press that the United States enjoys is that everyone has a voice. When it comes down to an American killing an American, the media is not allied with the terrorist. In many cases the television and newspaper crews serve to work directly against the militia organization. Americans do not like to see fellow citizens die at the hands of a terrorist, especially by an American terrorist. Timothy McVeigh, probably unknowingly, helped in decreasing the number of American terrorist (Grosscup, 117). McVeigh’s act, bombing the Murrah building in Oklahoma City, was seen as so repulsive that many law-abiding people attracted to militias simply walked away. The majority of Americans didn’t want to be associated with anything like the killing of 168 Americans, even though McVeigh had only attended a few militia meetings. The media coverage for the bombing in 1995 gave the American public the education needed to assess what was going on in the militant organizations across the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &n...

Advertising Alcoholic Beverages to Children Essay example -- Advertise

Advertising Alcoholic Beverages to Children Alcohol manufacturers use a variety of unscrupulous techniques to advertise alcoholic beverages to children. Perhaps the worst example is Anheuser-Busch Co., the world's largest brewer, which uses child-enticing cartoon images of frogs, dogs, penguins and lizards in ads for Budweiser beer. These Budweiser cartoon characters are hugely popular with children, just like Joe Camel ads. A KidCom Marketing study once found these Budweiser cartoon character ads were American children's favorite ads. This is no accident. Anheuser-Busch is conducting an advertising campaign to get children to start drinking beer. These Budweiser ads are unconscionable. So are Phillip Morris's Miller Lite "twist to open" commercials, which are among children's top 10 favorite ads, according to another study by KidCom. Hard liquor ads on television are equally unconscionable. In June, 1996, Joseph E. Seagrams & Sons Co. broke a 48 year old voluntary ban on advertising hard liquor on television. Five months later, the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States (DISCUS) re-wrote its Code of Good Practice to allow its member distillers to advertise on radio and television. Even if these TV ads are aired only after 9 or 10 PM, they will still reach millions of American children. Alcohol advertising may increase alcohol consumption, including drinking by minors. Based on this effect, various municipalities around the country have attempted to ban alcohol advertising. These attempts have met with mixed results in the courts. This section will attempt to explain how a municipality can legally ban alcohol advertising. Commercial Speech The only constitutional impediment to banning alcohol advertising is First Amendment freedom of speech. Alcohol producers and their advertising companies will usually bring suit against a municipality which bans alcohol advertisements, arguing that the ban is an unconstitutional abridgement of the freedom of speech. Advertising, however, is only "commercial speech," which is protected by the First Amendment 1. but not to the extent that political speech is protected. Therefore, a municipality can regulate advertising much more than it can regulate "pure" First Amendment speech. Types of Alcohol Advertising Alcohol is advertised on billboards and other signs, in print, and on radio and television. It is al... ...ard the substance of alcohol as neutral --- neither inherently good nor inherently bad. What matters is how it is used, and we must convey by word and example that the abuse of alcohol is never humorous, acceptable, or excusable. Do alcohol ads portray the products being enjoyed in the most appealing settings and by the most attractive people? Of course they often do --- no less than do ads for cars, instant coffee and anti-fungal sprays. That normalcy of alcohol ads helps demystify the product --- which is a good place to begin encouraging realistic, moderate, and responsible attitudes about it. Responsible attitudes toward alcohol are based on the understanding that such beverages are yet another part of life over which individuals have control, like exercise, personal hygiene, or diet. If alcohol beverages are to be used moderately by those who choose to consume them, then it's important that these beverages not be stigmatized, compared to illegal drugs, and associated with abuse. They aren't dangerous poisons to be hidden from sight and become a subject of mystery and perhaps fascinating appeal. But that would be the message sent if alcohol commercials were banned from TV.

What Is A Human Being :: essays research papers

Webster's dictionary defines human as 'human 1. Of or characteristic of man || being a person || of people as limited creatures, human failings || resembling man 2. A person'; Of course there is more to being human than that. A concise yet broad definition of human would be any man, woman, child, etc. on this earth. To be human means that you can read this paper. It means that you don't have to worry you are resting comfortable at the top of the food chain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many ways that humans are different from other animals and I have picked what I believe to be the greatest differences of all. A main difference is self-awareness, or the knowledge that we exist by living and dying. Since we know that we will die sooner or later we take care of those who may not be able to take care of themselves to prolong the life if the ones that we love. Another thing that self-awareness dose for us is that it makes us search for meaning in life and get the most out of it before we leave this physical plane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That lead's us to religion, one of the other things that separate us from animals. All most all humans have a religion that believes in an after life. Some believe in rebirth where you never die but keep living in different states on the earth. In all most all religions there is a superior being or superior beings, that concept is similar to the way our government works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are primitive animal concepts that show traces of government, such as the almighty wolf that appoints an alpha pair similar to a king and queen to make the best decisions for the survival of the pack. Humans appoint government to prevent chaos from killing us off. Even though our government is far far far from perfect there is still a sense of security that you have someone semi-responsible leading parts of humanity to a better future.

Record Retrieval System Essay

Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Scope Introduction Technology plays an important role in retrieving patient records in the lives of every patient, an office staff and a medical hospital because of the big boom of technology across the globe it enhanced the services of health institutions. Big, small hospitals or even clinics use the advantage of technology that gave ease to every transaction made especially on important document stored and released for patients. Every record is important just like birth certificates that every parent will retrieve from a hospital for future use of their children, a medical record or laboratory results needed by doctors for medical purposes. For the past decades, medical hospitals all over the world are using a paper system in the retrieval of patient’s records. Patient Record Retrieval is the process of getting the patient records back from a repository or a place where records are stored. Such as, an outpatient record is stored in the deck of folders, envelopes mostly sorted by family names, and there are hundreds or thousands in one of the corner of the office. Patients come and will retrieve records if needed anytime and does not have the assurance that a record will be able to retrieve in a short period of time. Medical centers in the country, it maybe prestigious or not, has also encountered the same problems as other countries encountered, scattered records are everywhere and occupied the whole space of the office, adds manpower for processing transaction and waste of office supplies and most especially retrieval services are slow. Government hospitals have many patients most especially poor people from rural areas and retrieving patient records in the hospital is the common problem. Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital is a government health agency intended for the poor and one of its services is to retrieve records of patients. One problem that clients lost their patience is because of turtle-like services of the agency in retrieving records. Factors that the hospital has a slow service in retrieving patient records and it is because records are very hard to locate that consumes couple of minutes in retrieving for a specific record being requested. In addition to the problems of Negros Oriental Provincial Records Department is that the paper  system consumes the office space, waste of paper materials and additional personnel for locating records. Thus, with all problems encountered by Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Records Department in retrieving records, the researchers came up a solution to have a new computerized patient records retrieval system. Review of Related Literature, Studies and Systems Review of Related Literature Patients record a collection of documents that provides an account of each episode in which a patient visited or sought treatment and received care or a referral for care from a health care facility. The record is confidential and is usually held by the facility, and the information in it is released only to the patient or with the patient’s written permission. A problem-oriented medical record also contains a master problem list. The patient record is often a collection of papers held in a folder, but it may be computerized. Retrieval of medical record has been a significant means of communication between the Provider, Payer and Legal community. For decades it has been an extremely manual driven, paper driven process and time consuming process. With the advent of technology, issue of regulatory guidelines of PHI security and confidentiality such as Privacy Rules or HIPAA, Medical Record Retrieval and Release of Information is an industry which has undergone and is going through a lot of transformation. Earlier being done by the organizations themselves, this service is now being outsourced to specialists with the end goal to reduce retrieval time by process automation, reduce paper usage, and abide by the stringent HIPAA and Privacy rules. Retrieving medical records isn’t overly difficult, but it is a process with specific requirements. For example, medical records aren’t always stored at a physician’s office. First, the medical provider needs to be contacted and asked about where the medical records request forms should be sent. Once the correct mailing address has been obtained, the record request forms as well as a HIPAA authorization form and a check for copy charges needs to be sent. In a perfect world, the provider would receive the request and fill it right away. However, it’s not unusual for a request to sit in a pile on some clerk’s desk making follow-up calls an absolute necessity. Lehnart et al. defines a patient record management system as a system that stores demographic, and medical information from ancillary services such as registration, lab, radiology, pathology, pharmacy, consultation and transcription.They state that a record management system is not simply automated updates of paper based charts, but rather a dynamic system used to help health care workers make better informed dragonesses. According to Gaillour et al. a record management system is only effective at achieving the goals of increasing quality of care and lowering costs if the organization re†designs it’s current workflow and practices. Hence a very user† friendly system needs to be created to mitigate the risk of user dissatisfaction towards the new system. Fromberg et al. claim the clinical benefits to such a system includes easier, more rapid access to patient data charts; Improved clinical decision making and disease management; More educated patients about their own ailments; An increase in time to spend consulting with patients; An increased perception of patient care and theoretically a better working environment. All these benefits overall translate to better patient care. More benefits include a more efficient workflow, as duplicate tasks would not be performed as the need to re gather information would be eliminated as all data pertaining to the patient is readily available at all times. Time taken to execute administration functions, such as capturing patient demographics, drop dramatically. According to Dassenko and Slowinski, an average of up to 15 minutes was saved per patient on the patients first visit and further 20 minutes on each subsequent visit as a result of implementing a computer based patient record. Fischer and Bloude (1999) states findings that the retrieval of paper records was time consuming and finding the required information amongst many documents for certain patients could be a lengthy process. Wellen et al (1998) emphasized the advantage of EPR because it enables information be Time is saved by EPR in not requiring the whole patient file to be used to find to available quickly about specific requirements perhaps just one piece information. Coiera (2003) EPR added that information instantaneously drugs though many documents. with EPR instead of requiring a search such as allergies to particular could be obtained information strategy states that in the EPR system the patient records should be secure, accurate, and legible. They can be easily accessed by authorized staff and in addition to use for individual patients can be incorporated in research. Data can also be available for the improvement of quality. Bush (2002)recommended introducing and using an appropriate EPR system since it helps to reduce costs and ongoing expenses in providing multiple users access to faster. Distance is information, data protection and backups. An EPR backup system is more economical than the manual system since it saves space, time to locate and access information and maintenance costs. Abdellhak et al (1996) and Young (2000) state that physical control of a file are not always available, EPR data can be accessed at any provides adequate security. However, sometimes as many as 30% of which is not possible with paper records. Englebardt and Nelson (2002) and Reynolds (2003) agree that an increasing number of paper records approved workstation are authorized difficult more Robert(2002) one the information for the right reason. Especially Friedman (2005) considered security for confidentiality must be ensured this is and relevant with EPR systems even if it makes authorized access access patient record especially in emergency cases. Kirshna and authorized person. Where as a paper based system is available to only one person at a time to point out that an EPR system can  be used simultaneously by more than Amatayku (2004) drew attention to access policy which needs not only a ban sharing passwords but also a reminder of the possible legal consequences. Schmitz (1979 p.74) described an early EPR system at a time when â€Å"there is as yet no such thing as a fully electronic medical record†. The benefits were then seen to be â€Å"timeliness, accuracy, completeness and availability† resulting from†having physicians interact directly with an electronic management information system† (Schmitz 1979, p.75). He seems to have been one of the pioneers in anticipating the potential of EPR, and the benefits from professional input. Kovner (1990), who considered the use of electronic records for patient history and current treatments. The availability of computer systems from 1990 onwards further helped to prove the arguments raised by the two authors above. This availability changed medical record keeping to electronic methods, which were beneficial in many ways. methods of recording have reduced the size of records despite the fact that they contain very much more information. By using computers, doctors can easily access information from more than one source. The organization of records for ease of access is essential for efficiency and the importance of the service is recognized by supervisors in charge. Good organization and management requires good leadership to ensure efficiency and co-operation and a constant improvement performance. In addition to the above observations, Meijden et al (2000) measured the attitudes towards electronic patient record among physicians and nurses. The researchers noted that the experienced physicians and nurses were move positive, whereas the inexperienced ones found EPR to be more time consuming for data entry and retrieval, and they were concerned about their familiarity with computers and the need for training. This study implies that one has to be experienced in making the optimum use of EPR systems. Furthermore, an EPR system proves to have more effect on improving quality of patient care. Bickford (1995)noted the in as a restriction potential that EPR systems have for improving patient health costs, adding satisfaction for providers, researchers and administrators. Dick and Steen (1991) argued that patient records should include more information than just treatment details for as proposed by earlier researchers such as Kovner (1990), example, guiding problem solving, decision analysis, reminders, and risk assessment ,an do the relevant details(Dick & Steen1991,p.37). The system could prompt staff about additional considerations not available in paper records. The system would be accessible at all times. Similarly, a report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM 1997) helped to argue further that an electronic patient record is to be as the one that is specifically designed to support users through of complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts, clinical understood availability decision support systems, links to bodies of medical knowledge and other aids. Novak(2005) considered EPRs as time saving which can be life saving, transfers to cost other physicians history, effective whilst maintaining confidentiality and, making easy and immediate. However A personal EPR can contain a total medical complicated. EPR systems have to a greater extent improved patients records and facilitated  the selection of the most appropriate treatment. Amongst these advantages, Burton et al with the patient’s input can be created when records are retrieved much Lane & Hayward (1999) investigated the value of electronic patient records make adequate and legible records has been reduced to take only a few minutes per patient, when physicians’ time is tightly scheduled. However, Soper (2000) observed that more time to see a patient, together commented that the time taken to. Furthermore, the above author noted that accessibility of record sat a made possible. Electronic records are more legible and can resolve the problem of misplaced documents and the opportunity to show parents the records of their children if required. For  GPs and found them to be considerable, but there were doubts about the system on a larger. Furthermore, (Atkinson 1997; British Medical Association 2002). The training of users on EPR scale in hospital use. Mansoor (2002) Training the users in manipulating EPR systems has proved to be easier them to familiarize themselves with other aspects of computer supports the observation in that physicians use systems motivates applications. Computers for administrative purposes as well as EPR systems, and are keen to acquire computer skills and knowledge to enhance their clinical practice. They learn how to access computer based information and to how to make the best use of such resources. Svenningsen (2003) found the advantages of EPR included no loss of records, ease of access for all medical staff, some reduction in professionals. The same was the case for Smith, (2003) who considered good medication errors, better documentation, and more co-ordination between leadership and supportive staff were essential for a planning, strong successful EPR system. Benefits include accurate medication lists, legible notes and physician. Having experienced EPR he would never revert to paper records. Seems to summarize the general point of view of those who have experienced prescriptions. This the change from manual to electronic systems. Amatayakul (2005) emphasized the value of EPRs providing reminders to alert hospital staff to particular problems which may arise, and improve decision making, in addition to reducing errors. At the same time much information is still being handwritten in many hospitals and the electronic records do not necessarily include information which would assist decision making. Also it was helpful to have systems which work similarly in different places e.g. surgeries, clinics and hospitals. The benefits of EPR as outlined by Ginneken (2002, p. 115) included Flexibility in content and use, integration and adaptability to change. Once consensus is reached on terminology, architecture, and legislation, the EPR  will become as established as the Hippocratic Oath record has been for centuries†.It seems from the literature that benefits have been obvious in all the countries that have adopted the system, and even those who originally had difficulties in making the changes now express no regrets, because they have experienced the great advantage of electronic systems. There was a reported reluctance to change which needs to be overcome by a good training programme, and some people under-estimate their capabilities to cope with different systems ( Loomis & Ries 2002). As Huston (2004) noted, to such a change would require an agreed standard procedure and provision for the transition period. Faber(2003)draws attention to the fact that several authors new and implement argue that the implementation of EPR can fail if the assumed nature of the medical work being considered does not match the real aspects of that work. Related Studies and System According to the study of abdullah, f. Epr system in hamad medical corporation   Qatar that it greatly resolved the dissatisfaction with the existing manual patient  Record system expressed both doctors and nurses referred to many defects of the  Present manual system which caused irritation and potential exposure to reducing  Patient safety. Such obstacles can affect the improvement of patient care and delay Important treatment. From the findings the major problem of the traditional paper  Based record system appears to be misfiling of records causing difficulties in obtaining   Information quickly in emergencies. Thus the newly EPR system benefited the   Hamad medical in terms of the accuracy,legibility, confidentiality and time saving  in the patient records. Another study from Droma, Fahad et al. in automation of the patient record management sytem in St Francis Hospital Nsambya that Patient record management systems in hospital today necessitate a competent administration when handling patients, generating reports from cashier, patient details which serves as a key factor for the flow of business transactions in St Francis Hospital Nsambya. Unfortunately the current Record management system leads to misplacement of drug details, payment details, and late release of reports and insecurity to records. This research project is aimed at computerizing all the records about patients, staff and drug suppliers. In order to achieve this goal, a thorough System Study and investigation was carried out and data was collected and analyzed about the current system using document and data flow diagrams. The concept of report production has been computerized hence, no more delay in report generation to the hospital manager. Errors made on hand held calculators are dealt out completely The method used to develop the system include iterative waterfall model approach, dataflow, logical and entity relationship diagram were used to design the system and finally the language used were MySql, php, HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Atkinson (1997), whilst seeing the benefits of EPR systems, also that they could change clinical practice, and that there could be problems of controlling access to them. His research also reported anxieties that were expressed regarding the possibility of computer failure. The argument shows that the electronic record system has a â€Å"back up† scheme for computer failure patient which automatically prevents information from being lost. In addition, even if the benefits of EPR are recognized,found that the time taken to learn procedures was an obstacle to their use. A software engineering consultant, Sam Simple was hired to design a Computerized Patient Record system for a hospital. Each patient’s record in the database consists of a patient’s name, address, age, phone number, next of kin, name of parents, phone number, birth date and place, social security number, occupation, marital status, religion, military service, treatment history, family background, lifestyle information such as drug history and sexual  preferences, diagnostic and testing information, and insurance information. At the initial meeting held to discuss the project requirements, a hospital representative indicated to Simple that the hospital had conducted research on CPR systems prior to hiring him. Based on the report produced from the hospital’s research, it considered that user authentication to verify users’ ID and password at login was sufficient for their system, as far as the system security was concerned. However, Simple learned from a study that 85 percent of the passwords on a typical computer system were guessable. According to Dr. Marie Sy, CHITS, an electronic medical record (EMR) specifically designed for the community health centers in the Philippines, was developed through a collaborative and participative process involving health workers and the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) community, using the primary health care approach and guided by the open source philosophy. â€Å"The development of CHITS that the paper record retrieval time was decreased from 2.41 minutes to less than 5 seconds,† has resulted in increased efficiency of health workers, allowing them to spend more time for patient care, improved data quality; streamlin ed records management; and data-guided decision-making, both operationally and strategically,† Dr. Sy added. The development of EPR in most countries has been rapid in recent years with some differences to meet local requirements. Beaumont (1999) noted the advantage of electronic records in the UK, including simultaneous access from multiple locations, legibility, ease of exchange of data, and confidentiality. He compares the advantages with those of paper records which are: easily transported; easy to read; require no training and are never â€Å"out of order†. According to Beaumont’s personal experience, electronic records are an improvement on medical handwriting which is often illegible. In addition, he noted a need for training in the details of categories which the manual records should contain, just as computers may be â€Å"down†, so misfiled patient records can be equally frustrating. Frolick, (n. d. ) noted that electronic patient records in USA are of great benefit to patients, because they are not subject to loss, illegibility or inaccuracy, and assist in guiding patients’ daily treatment. In addition, the records would be readily available for research and accessible directly on the users’ screen. Furthermore, Madison(1997) reported Dr. Paul King’s opinion that the ability to create, and retrieve  charts quickly was of importance and time saving. The choice of the best EPR in USA for a particular department as important and there should be a wide range of availability of a system for selection. By the immediate accessibility of the right technical information lives could be saved, and this is the most important consideration of all. In addition to aspects such as time saving and quality of care, Kowalsky (2002)observed that, to make the system comprehensive and cost effective was a large task and integrating existing systems was difficult. Much as the EPR systems are suggested to provide the best solutions to improve patient record keeping, several authors have observed a number of challenges to them. For example, Fields & Duncker (2003) mentioned that although EPR systems are planned to be universal in UK by 2008, there were doubts about this. The complexity of the task and the need to complete it rapidly caused concern after previous NHS computerisation problems. There was anxiety and the need to convince staff of the benefits of the system. Bishop (2003) referred to availability, as being able to use the information or the source desired i. e., hardware, software or networks. The same issues were discussed by Singh et al. (2004) who noted that primary care in USA is complex and includes safety problems, with no two providers being alike. EPR imposed on any health system can have unpredictable effects, reducing or increasing safety. To some extent EPR could distract a GP from properly recording observations, but, if used correctly, would greatly assist in providing immediate and accurate information. In practice it is essential that all staff are familiar with EPR systems, if these are to be used effectively, and all aware of hazards and how to avoid them. Similarly, Pizziferri et al (2005) considered one factor which inh ibits the use of EPR in USA was the concern that it may take more time than paper records. A study of 20 physicians’ use of time at primary health centres was recorded, before and after the introduction of EPR, and a decrease in time was noted. This was also the case with dictating notes, reading, and writing; however searching for data was much faster than before. The researchers concluded that EPR took less time than manual records but that there was a need to identify EPR users who had difficulty with the system. Mikkelsen & Aasly (2005) of the neurology department at St Olave’s Hospital, Norway analysed electronic patient records and how the system affected performance, e. g. the ability to access information. Records for a neurological department were of variable accuracy because of lack of precise definitions, and were a potential threat to the safety of the system. Strict procedures are required to ensure accuracy and sufficient relevant information. The Steiermà ¤rkischeKrankenanstaltenGes.m.b.H. (KAGes), the governing body of the Styrian hospitals. Out of a new MIS, termed OpenMedocs, has been conducted. This system shall simplify the management, the access to and the exchange of health-related patient information. It is a centrally managed system at the headquarter of KAGes in Graz. The core of OpenMedocs is an electronic patient record (EPR) system. All documents concerning patients are stored in this system. Thus, it is possible to receive documents from a patient which have been generated in different hospitals ’at the push of a button’. Since almost all medical information of the hospitals concerning patients is managed in the ERP system, it is possible to avoid various disadvantages of ’traditional documentation’, like multiple medical attendance or local constraints of usage of retrieval possibilities, and user-oriented presentation of data should help, among other things, to speed up and to improve the quality of the medical decision-making process of physicians. Since the roll-out of OpenMedocs, the amount of these patient-related documents increased continuously. Thus, the efï ¬ cient storage and the timely retrieval of documents in the EPR system have gained considerable importance. The Problem Statement of the Problem This present study tries to analyze, design, develop, test and implement a Record Retrieval System for Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital. This study attempts to answer the following questions. 1. What is the current retrieval system used by Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Records Department in retrieving records? 2. What are the problems encountered by retrieval section employees in the retrieval of patient’s records in NOPH Records Department? 3. What are the requirements needed for the development of the Computerized Retrieval System for Negros Oriental Records Department Retrieval Section? 4. How secure and manageable is the Computerized Retrieval System for NOPH Records Section? 5. How beneficial is the Computerized Retrieval System for  Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Records Department Retrieval Section. Hypothesis H0: There is an existing problem with the current retrieval system of Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Records Department. H1: Negros Oriental Hospital Records Department is in need of a new system that will help them improve their service. Technical Background Design Concept Input Data Captured Process Working with records Output Showing results by print outs Storage of the patient records Figure 1 It shows the input, process and output of the patient record retrieval system that in input in order to retrieved such records they need a personal information and the records they want to be retrieved in a system. In Process it is where the records has been process in order they could release the record and in output it is where the records have been already retrieved and ready to release to the authorized person. Design Method Figure 2 Agile Approach The methodology that use in developing the system is agile the researcher use  agile since it promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development and delivery; time boxed iterative approach and encourages rapid and flexible response to change. A conceptual framework promotes foreseen interactions throughout the development cycle. There are five phases in this methodology the requirements, design, implementation, test and deployment. In requirements phase in which the requirements for the software are gathered and analyzed. This is equivalent to researching and brainstorming what the product requires. Examples can include general features, architecture discussions, workflow discussions and general product discovery. Design phase this is which will have all the requirements defined for the product. Implementation phase during the development, needed to test the code as well as get feedback from the customer on progress. Feedback from the customer can include mockups, front-end designs, and usability. Testing phase bugs and defects are always a constant in the software development process. It is important that there are good quality assurance standards to eliminate general issues. Deployment the software application is finally deployed and live. Once this occurs, a support plan needs to be in place for maintenance and general support on potential future issues. Significance of the Study Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Record Department.The study will serve as a new instrument for the technological advancement that greatly benefits for Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital. This computerized system is intended to lessen the manpower which will lead to a faster and more accurate record retrieval process which will lead to profitability of the Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital. Employees. The job of the employees will become more accurate and efficient through the use of the proposed system. This leads to less error which saves time and energy on the side of the workers. Employees can also focus on other tasks assigned that will make them more productive. Patients. The service of Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital to the patient will become more convenient. Less time will be consumed during the retrieval process. This will also lessen time for patients to wait for their records to be release. The study is also expected to increase the satisfaction of the patients to the services of the Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital. Researchers This study is a great achievement for the researchers because it  will improve their skills in technical writing. The experiences while doing the research build up their characters and teach them values like creativity, working hard, team building and responsibility and time management. It also builds friendship and camaraderie among the co-researchers. It also gives them an overview of the IT industry and trains them to prepare to the competitive professional field. Questionnaire Directions: Please put a checkmark on the selected choice. Name (Optional):____________________________________ Age:______ Gender:____________ Department:______________________ I. The current system that NOPH are using in retrieving records: 1. What is the present system used by Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Records Department Retrieval Section? __ Manual Retrieval __ ComputerizedRetrieval If manual, what are the tools or things used in retrieving records or how a single record is retrieved according to its arrangement? _By folders _By logbooks _By envelopes _By family names _By cabinets _By disease/injury Others (Specify):______________________ If computerized, what are the applications used? _ Microsoft Excel _Microsoft Word _Microsoft Access _Others(Specify):_____________________________ II. The problems encountered by employees in retrieving records: 2. What are the problems encountered by Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital Records Department in retrieving records? _Unarranged Documents _Difficulty in finding records _Lost Documents _ Mountainous Stocked Files _Crowded area Others(Specify):______________________________ III. Particular documents that Negros Oriental Hospital retrieve. 3. What are the common documents that hospital clients retrieved mostly? _Birth certificates _Death certificates _Laboratory results Others(Specify):___________________________________ References: Related Literature http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/patient+record http://www.wipro.com/industries/healthcare-segments/medical-records-retrieval.aspx http://www.sunbeltreporting.com/sunbelt-blog/bid/45059/Benefits-of-Outsourcing Medical-Records-Retrieval) Fischer, J. S. & Blonde, L., 1999. Impact of an electronic medical record on diabetes practice workflow. Clinical Diabetes, 17(2), 10-12. Wellen, D. et al., 1998. The electronic medical oncology record: misconceptions, barriers, and benefits. Cancer Management, 3 (5), 6-8. Coiera, E., 2003. Guide to health informatics. 2†³d ed. London: Arnold. Bush, J., 2002. Looking for a good electronic medical records system? Family Practice Management, 9(1), 50-51. Lenhart, J. G., Honess, K., Covington, D., and Johnson, K. E. â€Å"An Analysis of Trends, Perceptions, and Use Patterns of Electronic Medical Records Among Family Practice Residency Programs.† Family Medicine, February 2000, 32: 109† 114. Gaillour, F. â€Å"Rethinking the CPR: Is Perfect the Enemy of the Good?† Healthcare Management Technology[serial online], May 1999, 20: 22†25.32 Fromberg, R., and Amatayakul, M. â€Å"CPRI and the Future of Computer†based Patient Records.† Healthcare Financial Management, July 1995, 49: 48 Dassenko, D., and Slowinski, T. â€Å"Using the CPR to Benefit a Business Office.† Healthcare Financial Management, July 1995, 49: 68†70, 72†73 Abdelhak, M., et al., 2001. Health information: management of a strategic resource. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. Englebardt, S. P. & Nelson, R., 2002. Health care informatics an interdisciplinary approach. USA: Mosby. Friedman, B. 2005. Health Records get personal: a technology outlook for consumer access to personal health information. Journal of American Health Information Management Association, 76(1), 42-45. Amatayakul, M., 2004. Electronic health records: a practical guide for professionals and organizations. USA: AHIMA. Schmitz, H. H., 1979. Hospital information systems. London: Aspen Systems Corporation. Kovner, A. R., 1990. Health care delivery in the United States. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Meijdan, M. J. V. et al., 2000. The user in the design process of an EPR. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 77,224-228. Bickford, C. J., 1995. The concept model of the electronic health record development of the CPR and CPRs concept models. Toward an electronic patient ecord? 95 Proceedings. 0 ed. IL, USA: Kelvyn Press. Dick, R. S. & Steen, E. B., 1991. The computer-based patient record, an essential technology for health care. Washington D. C.: National Academy Press. Novak, K., 2005. Reducing costs through electronic health records and services. Benefits and Compensation Digest, 42(10), 40. Burton, L. C. et al., 2004. Using electronic health records to help coordinate care. The Milbank Quarterly, 82(3), 457-581. Lane, V. & Hayward, P., 1999. Medical records. The Lancet, 353 (9149), 330. Soper, W., 2002. Why I love my EPR. Family Practice Management Journal, 9(9),1-7. Mansoor, E., 2002. Computer skills among medical learners. Journal of Ayub Medical College (JAMC), 14(3), 13-15. Svenningsen, S., 2003. Electronic patient records and medical practice, reorganization of roles, responsibilities, and risks. PhD thesis, Department of Organization and Industrial Sociology, CBS- Copenhagen Business School. Ginneken, A. M. V., 2002. The computerized patient record: balancing effort and benefit. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 65(2), 97-119. Amatayakul, M., 2005. Are you using an EHR-really? Healthcare Financial Management, 59(11), 126-128. Loomis, G. A. et al., 2002. If electronic medical records are so great, why aren’t family physicians using them? Journal of Family Practice, 51(7), 636-641. Huston, J. L., 2004. The need for mandatory clinical recording standards. Clinical Medicine, 4(3), 255-257. Faber, M. G, 2003. Design and introduction of an electronic patient record: how to involve users? Methods of Information in Medicine, 42(4), 371-375. Related Studies Abdullah, Foziyah., August 2007.Electronic Patient Records System in Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar: Perspectives and Potential Use. Droma, Fahad. et al.,An automated system for patient record management: a case study of St. Francis Hospital Nsambya. http://dspace3.mak.ac.ug/xmlui/handle/10570/443 Atkinson, C., 1997. A case study on development an electronic patient record in the UK. Requirements Engineering, 2(1), 1-14. Kibbe, David, MD, MBA, and Bard, Mark R., MHA, MBA. (1997). How Safe Are Computerized Patient Records?. Journal of Family Practice Management, May 1997 Vol. 4 No. 5 . Retrieved April 2, 2002 from American Academy of Family PhysiciansWebsite: http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/dental/Dental_Informatics/AOFC_Course/DI_Clinical/CPR.html http://www.pchrd.dost.gov.ph/index.php/2012-05-23-07-46-36/2012-05-24-00-01-11/5111-electronic-medical-record-system-chits-can-retrieve-patient-record-in-five-seconds-expert Beaumont, R., 1999. The electronic patient/healthcare record (EPRIEHR). 8 `h ed., [accessed 5.4.2004]. Frolick, M. N., [n. d. ]. Using electronic medical records to improve patient care, , [accessed2 6.03.2004]. Madison, D., 1997. Breaking away from paper. Healthcare Informatics, 14(10), 4-6. Kowalsky, C. A., 2002. The computerized patient record. Journal of Medical Education, 3(3), 1-6. Fields, B. & Duncker, E., 2003. The impact of electronic health records on crossprofessional healthcare work,